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Pathway and Importance of Photorespiratory 2-Phosphoglycolate Metabolism in Cyanobacteria

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Recent Advances in Phototrophic Prokaryotes

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 675))

Abstract

Cyanobacteria invented oxygenic photosynthesis about 3.5 billion years ago. The by-product molecular oxygen initiated the oxygenase reaction of RubisCO, the main carboxylating enzyme in photosynthetic organisms. During oxygenase reaction, the toxic side product 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG) is produced and must be quickly metabolized. Photorespiratory 2-PG metabolism is used for this purpose by higher plants. The existence of an active 2-PG metabolism in cyanobacteria has been the subject of controversy since these organisms have evolved an efficient carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), which should considerably reduce the oxygenase activity of RubisCO. Based on emerging cyanobacterial genomic information, we have found clear indications for the existence of many genes possibly involved in the photorespiratory 2-PG metabolism. Using a genetic approach with the model Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, we generated and characterized defined mutants in these genes to verify their function. Our results show that cyanobacteria perform an active photorespiratory 2-PG metabolism, which employs three routes in Synechocystis: a plant-like cycle, a bacterial-like glycerate pathway, and a complete decarboxylation branch. In addition to the detoxification of 2-PG, this essential metabolism helps cyanobacterial cells acclimate to high light conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Aaron Kaplan, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, and Dr. Hans C. P. Matthijs, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, for fruitful cooperation during the work on cyanobacterial photorespiration. This work was supported by grants from the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences and Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18051, Rostock, Germany

    Martin Hagemann, Claudia Hackenberg & Hermann Bauwe

  2. Department of Biology, Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland

    Marion Eisenhut

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  1. Martin Hagemann
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  2. Marion Eisenhut
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  3. Claudia Hackenberg
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  4. Hermann Bauwe
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Correspondence to Martin Hagemann .

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  1. Dépt. de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada

    Patrick C. Hallenbeck

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Hagemann, M., Eisenhut, M., Hackenberg, C., Bauwe, H. (2010). Pathway and Importance of Photorespiratory 2-Phosphoglycolate Metabolism in Cyanobacteria. In: Hallenbeck, P. (eds) Recent Advances in Phototrophic Prokaryotes. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 675. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1528-3_6

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