Definition
Emotions serve to initiate and coordinate individual reactions to important events and objects. They consist of a number of interrelated component processes, including affective, cognitive, physiological, motivational, and expressive components (Kleinginna and Kleinginna 1981). For example, a student’s anxiety before an exam can be comprised of nervous, uneasy feelings (affective); worries about failing the exam (cognitive); increased physiological activation (physiological); impulses to escape the situation (motivation); and anxious facial expression (expressive).
As compared to intense emotions, moods are of lower intensity and lack a specific referent. Some authors define emotion and mood as categorically distinct (see Rosenberg 1998). Alternatively, since moods show a similar profile of components and similar qualitative differences as emotions (as in cheerful, angry, or anxious mood), they can be regarded as low-intensity emotions (Pekrun 2006). Different positive and...
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Pekrun, R. (2012). Emotions: Functions and Effects on Learning. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_519
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