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Neurochemical Organization of the Medial Geniculate Body and Auditory Cortex

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The Auditory Cortex

Abstract

The auditory, visual, and somatic sensory systems each have a topographic receptor epithelium, multiple central representations of the peripheral mosaic, parallel neural streams serving epicritic processing, vast networks of central connectivity, and a web of intrinsic circuits at all levels of processing. Marked neurochemical differences distinguish the central auditory system from its visual and somatic sensory counterparts, which each largely conserves the parallel contribution from specific classes of retinal, cutaneous, or neuromuscular receptors; moreover, sight and touch have, relative to audition, fewer synapses in the ascending pathways to neocortex (Dykes 1983; Stone 1983). Perhaps the auditory system has more opportunities for inhibitory and other local interactions.

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Abbreviations

AAF:

anterior auditory field

AI:

primary auditory cortex

AII:

second auditory cortex area

APt:

anterior pretectum

Aq:

cerebral aqueduct

BIC:

brachium of the inferior colliculus

BSC:

brachium of the superior colliculus

C:

caudal

c:

contralateral

CG:

central gray

CN:

central nucleus of the inferior colliculus

CP:

cerebral peduncle

D:

dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body or dorsal

DD:

deep dorsal nucleus of the medial geniculate body

DC:

dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus

DS:

dorsal superficial nucleus of the medial geniculate body

DZ:

dorsal auditory zone

ED:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus, intermediate area

EP:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus

EPSP:

excitatory postsynaptic potential

EV:

posterior ectosylvian gyrus, ventral part

EW:

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

FSU:

fast-spiking unit

GABA:

gamma aminobutyric acid

GAD:

glutamic acid decarboxylase

ICc:

central nucleus of the inferior colliculus

ICp:

caudal cortex of the inferior colliculus

I:

Golgi type I cell

II:

Golgi type II cell

III:

oculomotor nucleus

In:

insular cortex

LC:

lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus

LD:

lateral dorsal nucleus

LGB:

lateral geniculate body

LMN:

lateral mesencephalic nucleus

LP:

lateral posterior nucleus

M:

medial division of the medial geniculate body or medial

ML:

medial lemniscus

MRF:

mesencephalic reticular formation

MZ:

marginal zone of medial geniculate body

NBIC:

nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

OR:

optic radiation

OT:

optic tract

Ov:

pars ovoidea of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body

PKC:

protein kinase c

PLSS:

posterior lateral suprasylvian area

Pol:

rostral pole of the medial geniculate body

Pom:

medial part of the posterior group

Pt:

pretectum

Pul:

pulvinar nucleus

Pv:

parvalbumin

Re:

thalamic reticular nucleus

RF:

reticular formation

RN:

red nucleus

RP:

rostral pole nucleus of the inferior colliculus

RSU:

regular-spiking unit

SC:

superior colliculus

SCi:

intermediate gray layer of superior colliculus

SCp:

deep layer of superior colliculus

SCs:

superficial gray layer of superior colliculus

Sl:

suprageniculate nucleus, lateral part

Sm:

suprageniculate nucleus, medial part

SN:

substantia nigra

SNR, SNr:

substantia nigra, pars reticulata

Spf:

subparafascicular nucleus

SpN:

suprapeduncular nucleus

Te:

temporal cortex

V:

pars lateralis of the ventral division or ventral

Vb:

ventrobasal complex

Vl,vl:

ventrolateral nucleus of the medial geniculate body

VP:

ventral posterior area

VTA:

ventral tegmental area

WAHG:

wheatgerm apo-horseradish gold

wm:

white matter

ZI:

zona incerta

I–VI,1–6:

layers of cerebral cortex

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Acknowledgments

Thanks to Ms. Katie D. Dorsch for conscientious preparation of the figures. This work was supported by United States Public Health Service grant R01 DC02319-28.

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    Jeffery A. Winer

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    Jeffery A. Winer

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    Christoph E. Schreiner

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Winer, J.A. (2011). Neurochemical Organization of the Medial Geniculate Body and Auditory Cortex. In: Winer, J., Schreiner, C. (eds) The Auditory Cortex. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_10

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