Skip to main content

Proterozoic Unicellular and Multicellular Fossils from India and Their Implications

  • Chapter
From Fossils to Astrobiology

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 12))

A comparative study of possible genesis of life on planet Earth and Mars reveals that similar conditions would have been present on Mars supporting a probable occurrence of unicellular Martian microfossils and stromatolites. The genetic aspect of eukaryotes or eukaryogenesis, eukaryotic evolution and probable geological and recent astrobiological possibilities from Mars and Europa has been discussed by many astrobiologists in Europe and U.S.A. (Chela Flores, 1998, 2007; Seckbach, 1994; and the references therein). Westall and Southam (2006) and Westall and Walsh (2003) hypothesise that primitive life (prokaryotes) could have existed on Mars. Recently Schopf et al. (2008) have suggested that search for fossilized evidence of ancient life in rocks from other planets is likely to be constrained severely by the amount of rock available for study. Precambrian fossil record on the planet earth may be used as a model for the search for evidence of ancient life on Mars and other earth like planet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Butterfield, N.J. and Rainbird, R.H. (1998) Diverse organic walled microfossils, including possible Dinoflagellates from the Early Neoproterozoic of Arctic Canada. Geology, 26, 963–966.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Butterfield, N.J., Knoll, A.H. and Swett, K. (1994) Palaeobiology of the Neoproterozoic Svanbergfjellet formation, Spitsbergen. Fossils and Strata, 34, 1–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chela Flores, J. (1998) First steps in eukaryogenesis: Origins and evolution of chromosome structure. Origins Life Evolution of the Biosphere, 28, 215–225.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chela Flores, J. (2007) Testing the universality of biology. International Journal of Astrobiology 6(3), 241–248.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Damassa, S.P. and Knoll, A.H. (1986) Micropalaeontology of the Late Proterozoic Arcoona Quartzite member of the Tent Hill formation, Stuart Shelf, South Australia. Alcheringa 10, 69–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glassener, M.F. (1984) The Dawn of Animal Life, A Historical Study. 224, Cambridge London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnilovskaya, M.B. (ed.) (1988) Vendotaenids of the East European platform 143, Nauka, USSR (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, H.J. (1976) Precambrian microflora, Belcher islands Canada: significance and systematics. Journal of Paleontology 50, 1040–1073.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, H.J. (1992) Proterozoic carbonaceous films. In: J.W. Schopf and C. Klein (eds.) The Proterozoic Biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 349–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, H.J. and Schopf, J.W. (1992) The Proterozoic biosphere. In: J.W. Schopf and C. Klein (eds.). Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 321–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, H.J., Narbonne, G.M. and Aitken, J.D. (1990) Ediacaran fossils from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada. Geology 18, 1199–1202.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jankauskas, T.V. (1990) Plant microfossils of the Urals. In: B.S. Sokolov and A. B. Iwanoski (eds.) Vendian System. Academia Nauk, SSSR, Moscow, Palaeontology, 1, pp.171–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H. (1982) Microfossils from the Late Precambrian Draken Conglomerate Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Journal of Palaeontology 56(3), 755–790.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H. (1985) The distribution and evolution of microbial life in the late Proterozoic Era. Annual Review of Microbiology 39, 391–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H. (1992).Vendian microfossils in metasedimentary cherts of Scotia Group, Prins Karls Foreland Western Svalbard. Palaeontology 35(4), 751–774.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H. and Ohta, Y. (1988) Microfossils in metasediments from the Prins Karl Foreland, Western Svalbard. Polar Research, 6, 59–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H. and Swett, K. (1985). Micropalaeontology of the Late Proterozoic Veteranen Group Spitsbergen. Palaeontology 28(3), 451–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H. and Walter, M.R. (1992) Latest Proterozoic stratigraphy and earth history. Nature 356, 673–678.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H., Blick, N and Awramik, S.M.(1981) Stratigraphic and ecological implications of Late Precambrian microfossils from Utah. American Journal of Sciences 281, 247–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, A.H., Swett, K and Marks, J. (1991) Palaeobiology of a Neoproterozoic tidal flat/lagoonal complex in the Draken Conglomerate Formation, Spitsbergen. Journal of Paleontology 65, 531–570.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, G., Raina, B.K. Bhargava, O.N., Maithy, P.K. and Babu, R. (1984) Precambrian-Canbrian Boundary problem and its prospects, Northwest Himalaya, India. Geological Magazine, 121(3), 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S. and Srivastava, P. (1992) Middle to Late Proterozoic microbiota from the Deoban Limestone, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Precambian Research 56, 291–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, S.C. (1980) Microbial fossils from the Lower Yudoma Suite earliest Phanerozoic eastern Siberia. Precambian Research 13, 109–166.

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Maithy, P.K.(1975) Microorganisms from Bushimay system (Late Precambrian) of Kanshi, Zaire. Palaeobotanist 22(2), 133–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maithy, P.K. and Babu, R. (1997) Upper Vindhyan biota and Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary Palaeobotanist, 46(1/2), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, V.K. and Shankar, Ravi (1989) First record of Ediacaran fossils from the Krol formation, Nainital Syncline. Journal of the Geological Society of India 34, 245–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narbonne, G.M. and Hofmann, H.J. (1987) Ediacaran biota of the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon Canada, Paleontology 30, 647–676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyatiletov, V.G. and Rudavskaya, V.V. (1990) Acritarchs of the Yudoma complex. In: B.S. Sololov and A.B. Iwanoski (eds.) Vendian System, Academia Nauk, SSSR, Moscow, Palaeontology, 1, pp. 179–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pykova, N.G.(1973) Acritarchs of Precambrian sections of southern Ural. Siberia, Eastern European platform and their significance. In: T.F. Vozzhennikova (ed.) Microfossils of the Oldest Deposit. Proc. 3rd Int. Palyn. Congr., Moscow, Nauka (in Russian), pp. 5–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragozina, A.L. and Sivertseva, I.A. (1990) Microfossils of the Valdai series in the Northwestern Arkhangelsk district. In: B.S. Sokolov and A.B. Iwanoski (eds.) Vendian System. Academia Nauk, Moscow, SSSR, Palaeontology, 1, pp. 165–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. (1968) Microflora of the bitter springs formation, Late Precambrian, Central Australia. Journal of Paleontology 42, 651–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. (1983) Earth’s Earliest Biosphere. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. and Klein, C. (1992) The Proterozoic Biosphere. 1348 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. (1993) Microfossils of the Early Archaean Apex Chert: New evidence of the Antiquity of life. Science 260, 640–646.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. Haugh, B.H., Molnar, R.E. and Satterthwait, O.F. (1973) On the development of the metaphytes and metazoans. Journal of Paleontology 47(1), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W., Tewari, V.C. and Kudrayavtsev, A.B. (2008) Discovery of a new chert — permineralised Microbiota in the Proterozoic Buxa Formation of the Ranjit window, Sikkim, NE Lesser Himalaya, India and its Astrobiological Implications. Astrobiology, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 140 Huguenot Street, New Rochelle, NY 10801, USA (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seckbach, J. (ed.) (1994) Evolutionary Pathways and Enigmatic Algae: Cyanidium caldarium, (Rhodophyta) and Related Cells. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 99–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sergeev, V.N (1989) Microfossils from the transitional Precambrian — Phanerozoic strata of central Asia. Himalayan Geology 13, 269–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shankar R. and Mathur, V.K. (1992) The Precambrian-Cambrian sequence in Krol belt and additional Ediacaran fossils. In: Venkatachala, B.S., Jain, K.P. and Awasthy, N. (eds.) Geophytology 22, pp. 27–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanker R., Mathur, V.K., Kumar, G. and Srivastava, M.C. (1997) Additional Ediacaran biota from the Krol Group, Lesser Himalaya, India and their significance. Geoscience Journal 28(1), 79–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, M., Tewari, V.C. and Yadav, V.K. (1986) Late Precambrian microfossils from Deoban Limestone Formation, Lesser Himalaya, India. Palaeobotanist 35(3), 347–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, M., Babu, R., Mathur, V.K. and Srivastava, D.K. (2005) Additional terminal Proterozoic organic walled microfossils from the Infra Krol Formation, Nainital syncline, Lesser Himalaya, Uttaranchal, India. Journal of Geological Society of India 65(2), 197–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, M., Tewari, V.C. and Yadav, V.K. (1987) Late Precambrian microfossils from Deoban Limestone Formation, Lesser Himalaya, India. Palaeobotanist 35, 347–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, M., Tewari, V.C., Babu, R. and Sharma, A. (2006) Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Buxa Dolomite, West Siang district, Arunachal Lesser Himalaya, India and their significance. Journal of Palaeontological Society of India 51(1), 57–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1988) Discovery of Vendotaenids from India. Indo-Soviet Symposium on Stromatolites and Stromatolitic Deposits, Wadia Institute of Himalaya Geology, Dehra Dun, 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1989) Upper Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian stromatolites and Indian Stratigraphy. Himalayan Geology, 13, 143–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1992) Global decline of Pre-Ediacaran (Riphean) stromatolites and the emergence of Ediacaran biota: palaeobiological and stable isotope evidences from the Lesser Himalaya. Geological Society of India 39, 260–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1993a) Precambrian and Lower Cambrian stromatolites of the Lesser Himalaya, India. Geophytology, 23(1), 19–39.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1993b) Ediacaran metaphytes from the Lower Krol Formation, Lesser Himalaya, India. Geoscience Journal 14(1, 2), 143–148.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1996) Discovery of pre Ediacaran acritarch Chuaria cicularis from the Deoban mountains, Lesser Himalaya, India. Geoscience Journal 17(1), 25–39.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1997) Carbon and Oxygen isotope stratigraphy of the Deoban Group (Mesoproterozoic), Garhwal Lesser Himalaya. Geoscience Journal 18(1), 95–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1998) Earliest microbes on Earth and possible occurrence of stromatolites on Mars. In: J. Chela Flores and F. Raulin (eds.) Exobiology: Matter, Energy and Information in the Origin and Evolution of Life in the Universe. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 261–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1999a) Candidate GSSP for the initial boundary of the Terminal Proterozoic Blaini Formation (Baliana Group) Mussoorie Syncline, Lesser Himalaya, India. In: A.H. Knoll (ed.) Terminal Proterozoic System 12th Circular, May, 1999. IUGS Sub commission on the Terminal Proterozoic System, 17–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (1999b) Vendotaenids: earliest megascopic multicellular algae on Earth. Geoscience Journal 20(1), 77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2001a) Neoproterozoic glaciation in the Uttaranchal Lesser Himalaya and the global palaeoclimate change. Geological Survey Of India, Special Publication 65(3), 49–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2001b) Origins of life in the universe and earliest prokaryotic microorganisms on Earth. In: J. Chela Flores et al. (eds.) First Steps in the Origin of Life in the Universe. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 251–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2001c) Discovery and sedimentology of microstromatolites from Menga Limestone (Neoproterozoic/Vendian), Upper Subansiri district, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern Himalaya, India. Current Science 80(1), 1440–1444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2002a) Proterozoic-Cambrian sedimentation and Associated Natural Resources of Uttaranchal. Proc. National Workshop on Natural Wealth of Uttaranchal. Technology Publishers, Dehradun, pp. 189–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2002b) Lesser Himalayan stratigraphy, sedimentation and correlation from Uttaranchal to Arunachal. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, pp. 63–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2003) Sedimentology, palaeobiology and stable isotope chemostratigraphy of the Terminal Pro Terozoic Buxa Dolomite, Arunachal Pradesh, NE Lesser Himalaya. Himalayan Geology 24(2), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2004a) Microbial diversity in Meso-Neoproterozoic formations, with particular reference to the Himalaya. In: J. Seckbach, (ed.) Origins. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 515–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2004b) Palaeobioology and Biosedimentology of the stromatolitic Buxa Dolomite, Ranjit Window, Sikkim, NE Lesser Himalaya, India. In: J. Seckbach et al. (eds.) Life in the Universe, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 249–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2005) Astrobiology: The search for extraterrestrial life, pp. 171–172. In: Emerging Trends in Palaeobiology, session A. Early life on Earth and Signatures of Extraterrestrial Life. Diamond Jubilee National Conference, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, November 15–17, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2006) Origin and evolution of life and its evidence from India: meteorites to stromatolites (key note address) In: National Seminar on Precambrian Life: Indian Scenario, Durgapur West Bengal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. (2007) The rise and decline of Ediacaran biota: palaeobiological and stable isotopic evidence from the NW and NE Lessser Himalaya, India. In: Vickers Rich, P. and Komarower, P. (eds.) The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 286, pp. 77–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari, V.C. and Sial, A.N. (2007) Neoproterozoic — Early Cambrian isotopic variation and chemo-Stratigraphy of the Lesser Himalaya, India, Eastern Gondwana. Chemical Geology 237, 82–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timofeev, B.V. (1973) Microphytofossils from the Precambrian of the Ukraine. Inst. Precamb Geol. Geochronol. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari, M. and Knoll, A.H. (1994) Large acanthomorphic acritarchs from the Infra Krol formation of the lesser Himalaya and their stratigraphic significance. Journal of Himalayan Geology 5(2), 193–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari, M., Pant, C.C. and Tewari, V.C. (2000) Neoproterozoic sponge spicules and organic walled microfossils from the Gangolihat Dolomite, Lesser Himalaya, India. Current Science 79(5), 651–654.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tynni, R. and Donner, D. (1980) A microfossils and sedimentation study of the Late Precambrian Formation of Hailuoto, Finland. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin No. 311, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatachala, B.S., Shukla, M, Bansal, R. and Acharyya, S.K.(1990) Upper Proterozoic microfossils from the Infra Krol sediments, Nainital synform, Kumaon Himalaya, India. In: Proc. Sym. Vistas in Indian Palaeobotany. In: Jain, K.P. and Tiwari, R.S. (eds.) Palaeobotanist, 38, 29–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidal, G. and Nystuen, J.P. (1990b) Micropalaeontology, depositional environment and biostratigraphy of Upper Proterozoic Hedmark Group, Southern Norway. American Journal of Science 290A, 170–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkova, N.A. (1990) Middle and Upper Cambrian acritarchs in the east European Platform. In: Sokolov, B.S. and Iwanoski, A.B. (eds.) Vendian System. Academia Nauka, USSR, Moscow, Palaeontology, 1, pp. 155–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, M.M. (1992) Microfossils and possible microfossils from the Early Archean Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. Precambian Research 54, 271–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, M.R. (1989) The timing of major evolutionary innovation from the origin of life to the origins of the Metaphyta and Metazoa; the geological evidence In: K.S.W. Cambell and M.F. Day (eds.) Rates of Evolution. Allen and Unwin, London, pp. 15–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, F., Xuanyang, Z. and Ruibuan, G. (1983) The Sinian microfossils from Jinning Yunnan Southwest China. Precambian Research, 23, 133–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, A.F. (1989) Microfossils in Precambrian stratigraphy of USSR. Himalayan Geology 13, 279–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F. (1999) Fossil bacteria. In: J. Seckbach (ed.) Enigmatic Micro-organisms and Life in Extreme Environments. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 73–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F. (2006) The early record of life. In: Archean Geodynamics and Environments, Geophysical Monograph Series 164, American Geophysical Union, 283–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, Frances, Maarten J. de wit, Jesse Dann, Sjerry Van der Gaast, Cornel E.J. de Ronde, Dane Gerneke (2001) Early Archean fossil bacteria and biofilms in hydrothermally influenced sediments from the Barberton from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall, F. and Walsh, M.M. (2003) Fossil biofilms and the search for life on Mars. In: Krumbein, WE. et al. (eds.) Fossil and Recent Biofilms. Kluwer, Amsterdam, pp. 447–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westall et al. (2006) The 3.466Ga “Kitty’s Gap Chert,” an early Archean microbial ecosystem. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 405, 105–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, S. and Knoll, A.H. (1999) Fossil preservation in the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Phosphorite Lagerstatte, South China. Lethaia 32, 219–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yakshin, M.S. (1989) Microbiota of Kotuikanskaya suite Lower Riphean of Anabar Massif. Himalayan Geology 13, 239–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yakshin, M.S. (1990) Silicified Vendian algae of Southern Siberian Platform and Altai —Sayan area. In: Sokolov, B.S and Iwanoski, A.B. (eds.) Vendian System. Academia Nauka, USSR Moscow, Palaeontology, 1, 188–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, C., Yue, Z., Gao, L. and Ding, Q. (1993) Microfossils from the chert in Lower Cambrian Shujing tuo Formation at Miaohe, Zingui, Hubei Province. Acta Geologica Sinica 6(2), 223–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, C. and Gao, L.(1995) The early evolution of acanthomorphic acritarhs in China and their biostratigraphic implications. Acta Geologica Sinica 69(4), 636–671.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, C., Gao, L. and Xing, Yu. S. (2003) Silicified microfossils from Early Cambrian Tianzhushan member near Miaohe village, Zingui West Hubei, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 42(1), 76–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, X. and Hofmann, H.J. (1998) New microfosils from Neoproterozoic (Sinian) Doushantuo Formation, Wengan, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China. Alcheringa 22, 189–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zang, W. (1995) Early Neoproterozoic sequence stratigraphy and acritarchs, biostratigraphy, Eastern Officer Basin, South Australia. Precambian Research 74, 119–175.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zang, W. and Walter, M.R. (1989) Latest Proterozoic plankton from the Amadeus Basin in central Australia. Nature 337, 643–645.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zang, W. and Walter, M.R. (1992) Late Proterozoic and Cambrian microfossils and biostratigraphy Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir 12, 1–132.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vinod Chandra Tewari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tewari, V.C. (2009). Proterozoic Unicellular and Multicellular Fossils from India and Their Implications. In: Seckbach, J., Walsh, M. (eds) From Fossils to Astrobiology. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics