Relative to other regions around the world, research on older adults in Arab countries has been sparse. This gap is surprising, given that adults aged 60 years and older in 2000–2005 represented about 6.5 per cent of Arab populations in Northern Africa and about 6.6 per cent in Western Asia (United Nations 2006). By 2050, these percentages should reach 19.4 and 17.8, respectively (United Nations 2006). Despite these trends, no longitudinal, comparative studies of older adults have been undertaken in the region. One of the first major efforts to characterize the health and socio-economic conditions of older adults in several Arab countries was the World Health Organization Collaborative Study on the Social and Health Aspects of Aging, which was a cross-sectional comparative study of adults aged 60 years and older that was conducted around 1990 in several sub-regions of Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia (Andrews 1998). A wide array of self-reported social, economic, demographic and health-related data were collected in this study but no objective measures of health were gathered and no follow-up was undertaken. Thus, estimates of the health status of the populations represented by these samples are based entirely on self- and/or proxy-reported data and their validity and reliability remain unknown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdella N, Al Arouj M, Al Nakhi A, Al Assoussi A, Moussa M (1998) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Kuwait: Prevalence rates and associated risk factors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 42:87–196
Abolfotouh MA, Daffallah AA, Khan MY, Khattab MS, Abdul-moneim I (2001a) Central obesity in elderly individuals in south-western Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated morbidity. East Mediterr Health J 7(4/5):716–724
Abolfotouh MA, Daffallah AA, Khan MY, Khattab MS, Abdul-moneim I (2001b) Psychosocial assessment of geriatric subjects in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 7(3):481–491
Aghajanian A (1985) Living arrangements of widows in Shiraz, Iran. J Marriage Fam 47(3):781–784
Ajlouni K, Jaddou H, Batieha A (1998) Obesity in Jordan. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 22:24–628
Al Asfour DH, Al Lawati JA, Mohammed AJ (1999) Body fat distribution and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Omani population. East Mediterr Health J 5(1):14–20
Al-Mahroos F, McKeigue PM (1998) High prevalence of diabetes in Bahrainis. Associations with ethnicity and raised plasma cholesterol. Diabetes Care 21:936–942
Al-Nozha MM, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Harth SS, Arafah MR, halil MZ et al (2004) Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medl J 25(11):1603–1610
Al-Nuaim AR, Kremli M, Al-Nuaim M, Sandgki S (1995) Incidence of proximal femur fracture in an urbanized community in Saudi Arabia. Calcif Tissue Int 56:536–538
Aloui T, Ayad M, Fourati H (1989) Enquête Démographique et de Santé en Tunisie. Columbia, Maryland [USA]: Office National de la Famille et de la Population, Direction de la Population, Tunis Tunisie et Institute for Resource Development/Macro Systems, Inc
Al-Riyami, AA, Afifi M (2004) Smoking in Oman: Prevalence and characteristics of smokers. East Mediterr Health J 10(4/5):600–609
Al-Sanabary N (1985) Continuity and change in women’s education in the Arab States. Women and the family in the Middle East: New voices of change. University of Texas Press, Fernea EW, Austin, TX, pp 93–110
Al-Shammari SA, Al-Subaie A (1999) Prevalence and correlates of depression among Saudi elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:739–747
Al-Shammari SA, Al Mazrou Y, Jarallah JS, Al Ansary L, El-Shabrawy AM, Bamgboye EA (2000) Appraisal of clinical, psychological, and environmental health of elderly in Saudi Arabia: A household survey. Int J Aging Human Dev 50 (1):43–60
Al-Thakeb FT (1985) The Arab family and modernity: Evidence from Kuwait. Curr Anthropol 26(5):575–580
Altorki S (1986) Women in Saudi Arabia: Ideology and behavior among the elite. Columbia University Press, New York
Andrews G (1998) World Health Organization collaborative study on social and health aspects of aging in Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, 1991 [computer file]. ICPSR version. Alexandria, Egypt: WHO, EMRO [producer], 1993. Ann Arbor MI: ICPSR [distributor]
An-Na’im AA (2002) Islamic family law in a changing world: A global resource book. Zed Books, London
Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Education (2003) The National Plan for Education for All (2002/2003–2015/2016) Cairo: Ministry of Education
Atallah R, Nehme C, Seoud J, Yeretzian J, Zablit C, Levesque L et al (2005) [Caregivers of elderly people with loss of autonomy in Lebanon: What is the context of their health care?], Recherches des Soins infirmiers 81:122–138
Aykan H, Wolf DA (2000) Traditionality, modernity, and household composition: Parent-child co-residence in contemporary Turkey. Res Aging 22(4):395–422
Aytac IA (1998) Intergenerational living arrangements in Turkey. J Cross Cult Gerontol 13:241–264
Azelmat M, Ayad M, Housnin E (1993) Enquête Nationale sur la Population et la Santé (ENPS-II) 1992. Columbia, Maryland [USA]: Ministère de la Santé Publique, Secrétariat Générale – DPSI, Service des Etudes et de l’Information Sanitaire [Rabat Maroc] et Macro International, Inc
Azelmat M, Ayad M, Belhashmi H (1989) Enquête Nationale sur la Planification Familiale, la Fécondité, and la Santé de la Population au Maroc (ENPS-II) 1992. Columbia, Maryland [USA]: Ministère de la Santé Publique, Secrétariat Générale – DPSI, Service des Etudes et de l’Information Sanitaire [Rabat Maroc] et Macro International, Inc
Baddoura R, Okais J, Awada H (2001) [Incidence of fractures after the age of 50 years in the Lebanese population and implications in terms of osteoporosis]. Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique 49(1):27–32
Barakat H (1988) The Arab family and the challenge of social transformation. In: Elizabeth A Fernea (ed) Women and the Family in the Middle East Austin. University of Texas Press, pp 27–48
Baron-Epel O, Haviv-Messika A (2004) Factors associated with age of smoking initiation in adult populations from different ethnic backgrounds. Eur J Public Health 14(3):301–305
Beales S (2000) Why we should invest in older women and men: The experience of helpage international. Gend Dev 8(2):9–18
Benavot A, Riddle P (1988) The expansion of primary education: 1870–1940: Trends and issues. Soc Educ 61(3):191–210
Bener A, Al-Suwaidi J, Al-Jaber K, Al-Marri S, Elbagi IEA (2004) Epidemiology of hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Qatari population. J Hum Hypertens 18:529–530
Bittles AH (1994) The role and significance of consanguinity as a demographic variable. Popul Dev Rev 20(3):561–584
Boggatz T, Dassen T (2005) Ageing, care dependency, and care for older people in Egypt: A review of the literature. Int J Older People Nurs Assoc with J Clin Nurs 14(8b):56–63
Bouguerra RH, Alberti H, Salem LB, Rayana CB, Atti JE, Gaigi S et al (2007) The global diabetes pandemic: The Tunisian experience. Eur J Clin Nutr 61(2):160–165
Brink JH (1987) Changing extended family relationships in an Egyptian village. Urb Anthropol 16(2):133–149
Burnham G, Lafta R, Doocy S, Roberts L (2006) Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: A cross-sectional cluster sample survey. Lancet 368:1421–1428
Caldwell JC (1986) Routes to low mortality in poor countries. Popul Development Rev 12(2):171–220
Casey B, Yamada A (2002) Getting older, getting poorer? A study of the earnings, pensions, assets, and living arrangements of older people in nine countries. Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers, No 60. DEELSA/ELSE/ WD (2002) 4. Paris: OECD
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2006a) Assessing risk factors for chronic disease — Jordan, 2004. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55 (23):653–655
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (2006b) Health, United States 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006 from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf
Central Statistical Organization (CSO) [Yemen] and Pan Arab Project for Child Development (PAPCHILD) [Egypt], and Macro International, Inc (MI) (1994) Yemen Demographic and Maternal and Child Health Survey 1991/1992. Calverton, Maryland: CSO and MI
Chaaya M, Sibai AM, El-Chemaly S (2006) Smoking patterns and predictors of smoking cessation in elderly populations in Lebanon. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10(8):917–923
Chahine LM, Bijlsma A, Hospers APN, Chemali Z (2006) Dementia and depression among nursing home residents in Lebanon: A pilot study. Int J of Geriatr Psychiatry. Epub ahead of printhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/abstract/112784230/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1 SRETRY=0
Charrad MM (2001) States and women’s rights: The making of postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. University of California Press, Berkeley
Chemali Z, Chahine LM, Sibai AM (2008) Prospects of older adult care in Lebanon: Towards stronger and sustainable reforms. East Mediterr Health J 14:1466–1476
Cliggett L (2001) Survival strategies of the elderly in Gwembe valley, Zambia: Gender, residence and kin networks. J Cross Cultl Gerontol 16(4):309–332
Craig JE (1981) The expansion of education. Rev Res Educ 9:151–210
Department of Statistics [DOS] and Macro International, Inc [MI] (1998) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 1997. Calverton, Maryland, USA: DOC and MI
Department of Statistics [Jordan] and ORC Macro (2003) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2002. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Department of Statistics and ORC Macro
Economic and social commission for Western Asia (2002) Women and men in the Arab countries: Employment. Retrieved December 27, 2006, from http://css.escwa.org.lb/scu-countryreports /EmploymentEN.pdf
Elattar I (2005) Cancer in the Arab World: Magnitude of the problem. Retrieved November 15, 2006, from http://www.nci.edu.eg/lectures/cancer_problem/Cancer%20in%20the%20Arab%20World%20UICC%20Mar24-05.pdf
Eldemire D (1997) The Jamaican elderly: A socio-economic perspective and policy implications. Soc Econ Stud 46(1):75–93
El-Desouki MI (2003) Osteoporosis in postmenopausal Saudi women using dual x-ray bone densitometry. Saudi Med J 24(9):953–956
El-Maghraoui A, Koumba BA, Jroundi I, Achemlal L, Bezza A, Tazi MA (2005) Epidemiology of hip fractures in 2002 in Rabat, Morocco. Osteoporos Int 16:597–602
El-Shazly M, Makboul G, El-Sayed A (2004) Life expectancy and cause of death in the Kuwaiti population 1987–2000. East Mediterr Health J 10 (1/2):45–55
El-Zanaty F, Way AA (2001) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2000. Calverton, Maryland [USA]: Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt], National Population Council, and ORC Macro
El-Zanaty F, Way AA (2004) 2003 Egypt Interim Demographic and Health Survey. Cairo, Egypt: Ministry of Health and Population [Egypt], National Population Council, El-Zanaty and Associates, and ORC Macro
El-Zanaty F, Way AA (2006) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 2005. Cairo, Egypt: Ministry of Health and Population, National Population Council, El-Zanaty and Associates, and ORC Macro
El-Zanaty FH, Sayed H, Zaky H, Way AA (1993) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1992. Calverton, Maryland [USA]: National Population Council [Egypt] and Macro International, Inc
El-Zanaty F, Hussein EM, Shawky GA, Way AA, Kishor S (1996) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1995. Calver-ton, Maryland [USA]: National Population Council [Egypt] and Macro International, Inc
Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ (2002) Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 360:1347–1360
Farrag A, Farwiz HM, Khedr EH, Mahfouz RM (1998) Prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementing disorders: Assiut-Upper Egypt study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 9(6):323–328
Friedman J, Knodel J, Cuong BT, Ahn TS (2003) Gender dimensions of support for elderly in Vietnam. Res Aging 25(6):587–630
Ghannem H, Hadj Fredj A (1997) Epidemiology of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in the urban population of Soussa. Tunisia, East Mediterr Health J 3(3):472–479
Ghubash R, El-Rufaie O, Zoubeidi T, Al-Shboul QM, Sabri SM (2004) Profile of mental disorders among the elderly United Arab Emirates population: Sociodemographic correlates. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19:344–351
Gibson D (1996) Broken down by age and gender – the problem of old women redefined. Gender Society 10(4):433–448
Globocan (2002) Retrieved November 15, 2006 from: http://www-dep.iarc.fr/
Global Youth Tobacco Surveillance Group (2003) Differences in worldwide tobacco use by gender: Findings from the global youth tobacco survey. J Sch Health 73(6):207–215
Grau MAG (2002) Residence patterns of aged widows in three Mediterranean communities and the organization of care. Hist Fam 7(1):157–173
Hafez G, Bagchi K, Mahaini R (2000) Caring for the elderly: A report on the status of care for the elderly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 6(4):636–643
Hagestad GO (1986) The family: Women and grandparents as kinkeepers. In: Pifer A, Bronte L (eds) Our aging society: Paradox and promise.WW Norton and Company Inc., New York, pp 141–160
Hamadeh RR (2000) Non communicable disease among the Bahraini population: A review. East Mediterr Health J 6(5/6):1091–1097
Hammoudeh M, Al-Khayarin MZ, Bener A (2005) Bone density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in Qatari women. Maturitas 52:19–327
Hancioglu A (1985) Turkiye’de Aile Bicimleri ve Aile Buyuk-lugo [Family types and Household Size in Turkey] in 1978. Unpublished master’s thesis, Hacettepe Institute of Population Studies, Ministry of Health, and Macro International Inc
Harzallah F, Alberti H, Ben Khalifa F (2005) The metabolic syndrome in an Arab population: A first look at the new international diabetes federation criteria. Diabetic Med 23:41–444
Hatch LR (2000) Beyond Gender Differences: Adaptation to aging in life course perspective. Baywood Publishing Company, Amityville NY
Hill K, Upchurch DM (1995) Gender differences in child health: Evidence from the demographic and health surveys. Popul Dev Rev 21(1):127–151
Holmes-Eber P (1997) Migration, urbanization, and women’s kin networks in Tunis. J Comp Fam Stud 28(2):54–72
Hoodfar H (1997) Between marriage and the market: Intimate politics and survival in Cairo. University of California Press, Berkeley
Hooyman NR (1999) Untapped resources: Women in ageing societies across Asia. Gerontol 39(1):115–118
Iacovou M (2002) Sharing and caring: Older European’s living arrangements. Schmollers Jahrbuch 122:11–142
Ibrahim MM, Rizk H, Appel LJ, El Aroussy W, Helmy S, Sharaf Y, et al NHP Investigative Team (1995) Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Egypt: Results from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP). Hypertension 26:86–890
Jackson RT, Al Mousa Z, Al-Raqua M, Prakash P, Muhanna A (2001) Prevalence of coronary risk factors in healthy adult Kuwaitis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 52:301–311
Jaddou HY, Bateiha AM, Ajlouni KM (2000) Prevalence, awareness and management of hypertension in a recently urbanised community, eastern Jordan. J Hum Hypertens 14(8):497–501
Jarallah J, Al-Rubeaan, K Al-Nuaim, A, Al-Ruhaily A, Kalantan K (1999) Prevalence and determinants of smoking in three regions of Saudi Arabia. Tob Control 8:53–56
Kabeer N (1999) Resources, agency, achievements: reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. Dev Change 30:35–64
Kadiki OA, Roaed RB (1999) Epidemiological and clinical patterns of diabetes mellitus in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jama-hiriya. East Mediterr Health J 5(1):6–13
Kadiki OA, Roaeid RB (2001) Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Benghazi Libya. Diabetes Metab 27:47–654
Kalantan KA, Mohamed AG, Al-Taweel AA, AbdulGhani HM (2001) Hypertension among attendants of primary health care centers in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 22 (11):960–963
Kamo Y, Zhou M (1994) Living arrangements of elderly Chinese and Japanese in the United States. J Marriage Fam 56(3):544–558
Kandela P (1999) The Kuwaiti passion for food cannot be shaken. Lancet 353:1249–1250
Kandiyoti D (1988) Bargaining with patriarchy. Gender and Society 2(3):274–290
Kannel, WB (2002) Coronary heart disease risk factors in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 11(2):101–107
Keller I, Makipaa A, Kalensher T, Kalache A (2002) Global survey on geriatrics in the medical curriculum, Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved April 15, 2006, from: http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/alc_tegeme_survey.pdf
Khadr ZA (1997) Living arrangements and social support systems of the older population in Egypt. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Khadr Z, Yount KM (nd). Differences in self-reported disability among older women and men in Ismailia, Egypt
Khoury SA, Massad D, Fardous T (1999) Mortality and causes of death in Jordan 1995–1996: Assessment by verbal autopsy. Bull World Health Organ 77(8):641–650
Kim IK, Choe EH (1992) Support exchange patterns of the elderly in the republic of Korea. Asia-Pac Pop J 7(3):89–104
Kingdom of Bahrain, Ministry of Health (2002) National nutrition survey for adult Bahrainis aged 19 years and above. Bahrain: Ministry of Health
Knodel J, Ofstedal MB (2003) Gender and aging in the developing world: Where are the men? Popul Dev Rev 29(4):677–698
Lamb VL (1997) Gender differences in correlates of disablement among the elderly in Egypt. Soc Sci Med 45(1):127–136
Laouani KC, Hmouda H, Ben Naceur MH, Ghannem H, Toumi S, Ajmi F (2004) High blood pressure for people aged more than 60 years in the district of Sousse. Tunisie Medicale 82(11):1001–1005
Lee GR, Dwyer JW (1996) Age parent-adult child co-residence. J Fam Issues 17(1):46–59
Lee, Y, Parish, WL, Willis RJ (1994) Sons, daughters, and inter-generational support in Taiwan. Am J Soc 99(4):1010–1041
Lee, YJ Palloni A (1992) Changes in the family status of elderly women in Korea. Demography 29(1):69–92
Liang J, Gu S, Krause N (1992) Social support among the aged in Wuhan, China. Asia-Pac Pop J 7(3):33–62
Litwin H (2006) The path to well-being among elderly Arab Israelis. J Cross Cult Gerontol Epub at http://www.springerlink.com.proxy.library.emory.edu/content/a84417l2m17wv638/fulltext.pdf
Lopata H (2002) Widower, widow: How same? How different? The Gerontologist 42(4):564–566
Lye, DN (1996) Adult child-parent relationships. Annual Rev Soc 22:79–102
Malik M et al (2003) Glucose intolerance and associated factors in the multi/ethnic population of the United Arab Emirates: results of a national survey, 2003. Retrieved November 24, 2006, from:www.emro.who.int/ncd/SURF/EMRO/UAE.pdf
Malik M, Bakir A, Saab BA, Roglic G King H (2005) Glucose intolerance and associated factors in the multi-ethnic population of the United Arab Emirates: Results of a national survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 69(2):188–195
Margolis SA, Reed RL (2001) Institutionalizing older adults in a health district in the United Arab Emirates: Health status and utilization rate. Gerontology 47(3):161–167
Margolis SA, Carter T, Dunn EV, Reed RL (2003) The health status of community based elderly in the United Arab Emirates. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 37:1–12
Martin LG, Tsuya NO (1991) Interactions of middle-aged Japanese with their parents. Popul Stud 45(2):299–311
Mason KO (1992) Family change and support of the elderly in Asia: What do we know? The problem of care for the elderly is likely to be especially acute for women. Asia-Pac Pop J 7:3–32
Maziak W, Ward KD, Afifi Soweid RA, Eissenberg T (2004) Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: A re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. Tob Control 13:327–333
McMullin J (1995) Theorizing age and gender relations. In: Arber S, Ginn J (eds) Connecting gender and ageing: A sociological approach. Open University Press, Bristol PA, pp 173–990
Mernissi F (1987) Beyond the veil. Indiana University Press
Ministère de la Santé [Maroc], ORC Macro, et Ligue des Etats Arabes (2005) Enquête sur la Population et la Santé Familiale (EPSF) 2003–2004. Calverton, Maryland [USA]: Ministère de la Sanét [Maroc] et ORC Macro
Ministry of Health [United Arab Emirates] (2003) National Family Health Study, 2003. United Arab Emirates: Ministry of Health
Morgan SP, Hirosima K (1983) The persistence of extended family residence in Japan: Anachronism or alternative strategy. Am Soc Rev 48(2):269–281
Morsy SA (1993) Gender, sickness, and healing in rural Egypt. Westview Press, Boulder
Morsy SA (1978) Sex differences and folk illness in an Egyptian village. In: Lois Beck, Nikki Keddie (eds) Women in the muslim world. Harvard University Press
Musaiger AO (1992) Diabetes mellitus in Bahrain: An overview. Diabet Med 9(6):574–578
Musaiger AO (2004a) Overweight and obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Can we control it? East Mediterr Health J 10(6):789–793
Musaiger AO (2004b) Health status, lifestyle and nutrient intake of home resident elderly in Bahrain. Nutr Health 17(4):285–295
Musaiger AO, Al-Mannal MA (2001) Weight, height, body mass index and prevalence of obesity among the adult population in Bahrain. Ann Hum Biol 28(3):346–350
Nagi SZ (1976) An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. The Milbank Memorial Fund quarterly. Health and Society 54(4):439–467
Nassar H (2003) The Economics of tobacco in Egypt: a new analysis of demand. Retrieved February 20, 2007 from http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/TobaccoEconomics-Egypt.pdf
Nawar L, Lloyd CB, Ibrahim B (1995) Women’s autonomy and gender roles in Egyptian families. Family, gender, and population in the Middle East: Policies in context edited by Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, The American University in Cairo Press, pp 147–178
Nazarchuk SA (2001) The care and cost of elderly in long-term care facilities in the United States. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, State University of New York, Binghamton
Obermeyer CM (1992) Islam, women, and politics: The demography of Arab countries. Popul Dev Rev 18(1):33–60
Ofstedal MB, Knodel J, Chayovan N (1999) Intergenerational support and gender: A Comparison of four Asian countries. Southeast Asian J Soc Sci 27(2):21–42
Ogawa N, Retherford RD (1997) Shifting costs for caring for the elderly back to families in Japan: Will it work? Popul Dev Rev 23(1):59–94
Risseeuw C (2001) Policy issues of inclusion and exclusion in relation to gender and ageing in the south. Eur J Dev Res 13(2):6–48
Roan CL, Raley RK (1996) Intergenerational co residence and contact: a longitudinal analysis of adult children’s response to their mother’s widowhood. J Marriage Fam 58:08–717
Rossi AS, Rossi PH (1990) Of human bonding: Parent-child relations across the life course. Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne NY
Rugh AB (1981) Orphanages and homes for the aged in Egypt: Contradiction or affirmation in a family oriented society. Int J Soc Fam 11(2):203–233
Rugh AB (1984) Family in Contemporary Egypt. Syracuse University Press
Sadat-Ali M, Al-Habdan IM, Al-Mulhim FA, El-Hassan A (2004) Bone mineral density among postmenopausal Saudi women. Saudi Med J 25(11):623–1625
Saeed WAA, Al Shammary FJ, Khoja TA, Hashim TJ, Ano-kute CC, Khan SB (1996) Prevalence of hypertension and sociodemographic characteristics of adult hypertensives in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. J Hum Hypert 10:583–587
Salti I, Khogali M, Alam S, Abu Haidar N, Masri A (1997) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in relation to other cardiovascular risk factors in Lebanon. East Mediterr Health J 3(3):462–471
Sayed HAA, Osman MI, El-Zanaty FH, Way AA (1989) Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1988. Columbia, Maryland [USA]: National Population Council [Egypt] and Institute for Resource Development/Macro Systems, Inc
Seikaly M (1994) Women and social change in Bahrain. Int J Middle East Stud 26:415–426
Shah NM, Al-Rahmani E, Behbehani J, Shah MA, Radovanovic Z (2000) Final Report of Project on Trends, Patterns, and Predictors of Fertility in Kuwaiti Women. KFAS Project number 96–07–15
Shah NM, Shah MA, Behbehani J, Al-Obaidi S, Badr H, Yount KM, Agree EM (2003) Psychosocial health status, disability, and networks of social support among older Kuwaiti men and women. Funded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences
Shah NM, Shah MA, Radovanovic Z (1998) Towards defining socioeconomic and demographic inequalities that may affect health in Kuwait. Med Prin Pract 7:31–46
Shah N, Yount KM, Shah MA, Menon I (2002) Living arrangements of older women and men in Kuwait. J Cross Cult Gerontol 17:37–55
Shamseddine A, Sibai AM, Gehchan N, Rahal B, El-Saghir N, Ghosn M, for the Lebanese Cancer epidemiology group (2004) Cancer incidence in postwar Lebanon: Findings from the first national population-based registry, 1998. Ann Epidemiol 14:663–668
Shilbayeh S (2003) Prevalence of osteoporosis and its reproductive risk factors among Jordanian women: A cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int 14:929–940
Sibai AM, Chaaya M (2006) The urban health study: Background and design (Older Adult Component) American University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Sciences, CRPH:http://staff.aub.edu.lb/~webcrph/projects/pdfs/UHS_Back-ground_Design_0106.pdf
Sibai AM, Fletcher A, Hills M, Campbell O (2001) Non-communicable disease mortality rates using the verbal autopsy in a cohort of middle aged and older populations in Beirut during wartime, 1983–93. J Epidemiol Community Health 55:271–276
Sibai AM, Hwalla N, Adra N, Rahal B (2003a) Prevalence and covariates of obesity in Lebanon: Findings from the first epi-demiological study. Obes Res 11(11):1353–1361
Sibai AM, Yount KM, Fletcher A (2007) Marital status and living arrangements as predictors of mortality among middle-aged and older men and women during wartime in Beirut: Gains and liabilities. Soc Sci Med 64(1):64–76
Sibai AM, Zard C, Adra N, Baydoun M, Hwalla N (2003b) Variation in nutritional status of elderly men and women according to place of residence. Gerontology 49:215–224
Singerman D, Ibrahim B (2001) The cost of marriage in Egypt: A hidden dimension in the new Arab family. Cairo Papers in Social Science 24:80–116
Sinunu MA, Yount KM, El-Afify, NAW (2008) Informal and formal long-term care for frail older adults in Cairo. Egypt J Cross Cult Gerontol, E-pub ahead of print
Sobieszczyk T, Knodel J, Chayovan N (2003) Gender and well-being among older people: Evidence from Thailand. Ageing and Society 23:701–735
Spitze, G Logan, JR (1989) Gender differences in family support: Is there a payoff? Gerontologist 29:108–113
Stevenson TB (1997) Migration, family, and household in Highland Yemen: The impact of socio-economic and political change and cultural ideals on domestic organization. J Comp Fam Stud 28(2):14–53
Tamim H, Terro A, Kassem H, Ghazi A, Khamis TA, Hay MM, et al (2003) Tobacco use by university students, Lebanon 2001. Addiction 98(7):933–939
Tazi MA, Khalil SA, Chaouki N, Cherquaoui S, Lahmouz F, Srairi JE, et al (2003) Prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors in Morocco: Results of a national survey, 2000. J Hypertens 21:897–903
Tohme RA, Jurjus AR, Estephan A (2005) The prevalence of hypertension and its association with other cardiovascular disease risk factors in a representative sample of the Lebanese population. J Hum Hypertens 19:861–868
UNFPA and Ministry of Social Affairs (1996) Population and Housing Survey. Beirut: Ministry of Social Affairs [raw data on CD-ROM]
U.S. Social Security Administration (2006) Social security programs throughout the world. Retrieved December 21, 2006, from http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/index.html
United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] (2002) Arab Human Development Report, 2002. New York, NY: United Nations Publications
United Nations Population Division (2005) World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Population Database. [Online] Retrieved September, 2006 from http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2006) World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision. Retrieved December 27, 2006, from http://esa.un.org/unpp
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2005) Living arrangements of older persons around the world. New York: United Nations
Van Velsor E, O’Rand A (1984) Family lifecycle, work career patterns, and women’s wages at midlife. J Marriage Fam 46(2):365–373
Warsy AS, El-Hazmi MAF (1999) Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity-common multifactorial disorders in Saudis. East Mediterr Health J, 5(6):1236–1242
Westoff C (2003) Trends in marriage and early childbearing in developing countries. DHS Comparative Reports 5. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro
Winckler O (2005) Arab political demography: Volume one: population growth and natalist policies. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press
Wolf M (1972) Women and the family in rural Taiwan. Stanford: Stanford University Press
World Bank Group (2002) Genderstats: Database of gender statistics. Retrieved December, 2006, from http://genderstats.worldbank.org/home.asp
World Health Organization (1979) Controlling the smoking epidemic. Technical report series, no. 636. Geneva: World Health Organization
World Health Organization (1996) Guidelines for controlling and monitoring the tobacco epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization
World Health Organization (2002) The World Health Report 2002. Retrieved October, 2006, fromhttp://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/whr02_en.pdf
World Health Organization (2006) World Health Statistics 2006. Geneva: World Health Organization
Yount KM (1999) Persistent inequalities: women’s status and differentials in the treatment of sick boys and girls: Case study of Minia, Egypt. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
Yount KM (2004) Maternal resources, proximity of services, and the curative care of boys and girls in Minya, Egypt. Popul Stud 58(3):345–355
Yount KM (2005a) Resources, family organization, and violence against married women in Minia, Egypt. J Marriage Fam 67(3):579–596
Yount KM (2005b) The patriarchal bargain and intergenerational co residence in Egypt. The Sociological Quarterly 46:139–166
Yount KM (Forthcoming) The living arrangements of older women and men in Egypt and Tunisia. Popul Res Policy Rev
Yount KM (2008) Gender, resources across the life course, and cognitive functioning in Egypt. Demography 45(4):907–926
Yount KM, Agree EM (2005) Differences in disability among older women and men in Egypt and Tunisia. Demography 42(1):169–187
Yount KM, Agree EM, Khadr Z (2003) Measurement of gender differences in health and care (1R03AG021707-01) Funded by the National Institute on Aging
Yount KM, Khadr Z (2005) A biosocial model of medication use among older women and men in Ismailia, Egypt. J Biosoc Sci 3:77–603
Yount KM, Khadr Z (2008) Gender, social change, and living arrangements among older Egyptians during the 1990s. Popul Res Pol Rev 27(1):201–205
Youssef RM (2005) Comprehensive health assessment of senior citizens in Al-Karak governorate, Jordan. East Mediterr Health J 11(3):334–348
Zeki Al Hazzouri, AG (2006) Gender differences in reported physical disability among older adults in three underprivileged communities in the suburbs of Beirut. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Zou’bi AAA, Poedjastoeti Ayad, M (1992) Jordan population and family health survey 1990. Columbia, Maryland, USA: Department of Statistics [Jordan] and IRD/Macro International, Inc
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yount, K.M., Sibai, A.M. (2009). Demography of Aging in Arab Countries. In: Uhlenberg, P. (eds) International Handbook of Population Aging. International Handbooks of Population, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8356-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8356-3_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8355-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8356-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)