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Opportunistic Pathogenic Yeasts

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Yeast Biotechnology: Diversity and Applications

Advances in medical research, made during the last few decades, have improved the prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for variety of infections/diseases. However, many of the prophylactic and therapeutic procedures have been seen in many instances to exact a price of host-vulnerability to an expanding group of opportunistic pathogens and yeasts are one of the important members in it. Fortunately amongst the vast majority of yeasts present in nature only few are considered to have the capability to cause infections when certain opportunities predisposes and these are termed as ‘opportunistic pathogenic yeasts.’ However, the term ‘pathogenic’ is quite tricky, as it depends of various factors of the host, the ‘bug’ and the environment to manifest the clinical infection. The borderline is expanding. In the present century with unprecedented increase in number of immune-compromised host in various disciplines of health care settings, where any yeast, which has the capability to grow at 37 ° C (normal body temperature of human), can be pathogenic and cause infection in particular situation

Spectrum of infective yeasts varies in different geographical region and mainly depends upon nature of immune suppression of the patients and prevailing yeast in the environment. Opportunistic yeast pathogen mostly reported are Candida spp. (albicans, tropicalis, krusei, parapsilosis, kefyr, glabrata, dubliensis, rugosa and others), Cryptococcus neoformans (var grubii,var neoformans and var gattii), Trichosporon spp. and occasionally others like Geotrichum spp, Pichia spp. etc

Among these, C. albicans has been regarded as the most common agent of invasive yeast infection

The population of patients at risk has expanded to include those with a broad list of medical conditions, such as solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), cancer, receipt of immunosuppressive therapy, HIV/AIDS, premature birth, advanced age, and major surgery. Furthermore, the etiology of these infections has changed. In the 1980s, yeasts (particularly Candida albicans) were the most common causative agents of invasive mycoses. However, presently non albi-cans species of Candida (NAC) account for > 50 % of infections. In addition, infections caused by other yeasts, such as Trichosporon species, have been reported. This chapter intends to high light important predisposing factors responsible for increase incidence of opportunistic yeast infection, its clinical significance, diagnostic approach for early detection of pathogenic yeast, guide line of therapy and epidemiology of important opportunistic yeast pathogen specially that of Candida and Cryptococcus

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  1. Former Professor of Microbiology and Chief of Mycology and ICP laboratories, Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110 029, India

    Uma Banerjee

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  1. Uma Banerjee
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi-110021, India

    T. Satyanarayana

  2. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Leibniz Institute, Corenstrasse 3, Gatersleben, D-06466, Germany

    Gotthard Kunze

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Banerjee, U. (2009). Opportunistic Pathogenic Yeasts. In: Satyanarayana, T., Kunze, G. (eds) Yeast Biotechnology: Diversity and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8292-4_11

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