Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nectary structure and ultrastructure

  • Chapter
Nectaries and Nectar

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, G.J., & Symon, D.E. (1985). Extrafloral nectary in Solanum. Biotropica, 17, 40-45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arumugasamy, K., Subramanian, R.B., & Inamdar, J.A. (1990a). Structure, ontogeny and histochemistry of cyathial nectaries in Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 59, 3-8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arumugasamy, K., Subramanian, R.B., & Inamdar, J.A. (1990b). Cyathial nectaries of Eu-phorbia neriifolia L.: ultrastructure and secretion. Phytomorphology, 40, 281-288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, D.A., Hall, J.L., & Thorpe, J.R. (1978). A study of the extrafloral nectaries of Ricinus communis. New Phytologist, 81, 129-137.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, S.F., Eshed, Y., & Bowman, J.L. (2001). The Arabidopsis nectary is an ABC-independent floral structure. Development, 128, 4657-4667.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beardsell, D.V., Williams, E.G., & Knox, R.B. (1989). The structure and histochemistry of the nectary and anther secretory tissue of the flowers of Thryptomene calycina (Lindl.) Stapf (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, 37, 65-80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, A.J. (1985). The evolutionary ecology of ant-plant mutualisms. Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belmonte, E., Cardemil, L., & Kalin Arroyo, M.T. (1994). Floral nectary structure and nectar composition in Eccremocarpus scaber (Bignoniaceae), a hummingbird pollinated plant of central Chile. American Journal of Botany, 81, 493-503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernardello, G. (2007). A systematic survey of floral nectaries. In: S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, & E. Pacini (Eds.), Nectaries and nectar (pp. 19-128). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blüthgen, N., & Reifenrath, K. (2003). Extrafloral nectaries in Australian rainforest: structure and distribution. Australian Journal of Botany, 51, 515-527.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buban, T., Orosz-Kovács, Zs., & Farkas, Á. 2003. The nectary as the primary site of infection by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.: a mini review. Plant Systematics and Evolu-tion, 238, 183-194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cecchi Fiordi, A., & Palandri, M.R. (1982). Anatomic and ultrastructural study of the septal nectary in some Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) species. Caryologia, 35, 477-489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choh, Y., Kugimiya, S., & Takabayashi, J. (2006). Induced production of extrafloral nectar in intact lima bean plants in response to volatiles from spider mite-infested conspecific plants as a possible indirect defense against spider mites. Oecologia, 147, 455-460.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clair-Maczulajtys, D., & Bory, G. (1983). Les nectaires extrafloraux pedicelles chez l’Ailanthus glandulosa. Canadian Journal of Botany, 61, 683-691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clément, C., & Pacini, E. (2001) Anther plastids in Angiosperms. Botanical Review, 67, 54-73.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Amato, F. (1984). The role of polyploidy in reproductive organ tissue. In: B.M. Johri (Ed.), Embryology of angiosperms, (pp. 519-556). Berlin: Springer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafni, H., Lensky, Y., & Fahn, A. (1988). Flower and nectar characteristics of nine species of Labiatae and their influence on honeybee visits. Journal of Apicultural Research, 27, 103-114.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daumann, E. (1970). Das Blutennektarium der Monocotyledonen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner systematischen und phylogenetischen Bedeutung. Feddes Reper-torium, 80, 463-590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, K.L. (1999). A preliminary survey of foliar anatomy in Maxillaria. Lindleyana, 14, 126-135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R. (1997). Influence of floral visitation on nectar-sugar composition and nectary surface changes in Eucalyptus. Apidologie, 28, 27-42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R., Fowke, L.C., Sawhney, V.K., & Low, N.H. (1996). Floral nectar secretion and ploidy in Brassica rapa and B. napus (Brassicaceae). II. Quantified variability of nectary structure and function in rapid-cycling lines. Annals of Botany, 77, 223-234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R., & Gunning B.E.S. (1992). The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. I. Development, anatomy and ultrastructure. Protoplasma, 166, 134-152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R. & Gunning, B.E.S. (1993). The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. III. Physiological aspects, including comparison with foliar stomata. Botanica Acta, 106, 241-253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R., Peterson, R.L., & Shuel, R.W. (1986). Anatomy and vasculature of the floral nectaries of Brassica napus (Brassicaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 64, 2508-2516

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R., Peterson, R.L., & Shuel, R.W. (1988). Vasculature and ultrastructure of the flo-ral and stipular nectaries of Vicia faba (Leguminosae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 66, 1435-1448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R., Pylatuik, J.D., Paradis, J.C., & Low, N.H. (1998). Nectar-carbohydrate produc-tion and composition vary in relation to nectary anatomy and location within individual flowers of several species of Brassicaceae. Planta, 205, 305-318.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A.R., & Vogel S. (2005). Nectary structure and nectar production in relation to flowers symmetry and spur location in Linaria genistifolia (Scrophulariaceae). XVII International Botanical Congress (Vienna, July 17-23, 2005). Abstracts book, p. 162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Sapio, O.A., Gattuso, M.A., & Prado, D.E. (2001). Structure and development of the axil-lary complex and extrafloral nectaries in Capparis retusa Griseb. Plant Biology, 3, 598-606.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkee, L.T. (1982). The floral and extra-floral nectaries of Passiflora. II. The extra-floral nectary. American Journal of Botany, 69, 1420-1428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkee, L.T. (1983). The ultrastructure of floral and extrafloral nectaries. In: B. Bentley, & T. Elias (Eds.), The biology of nectaries (pp. 1-29). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durkee, L.T., Gaal, D.J., & Reisner, W.H. (1981). The floral and extra-floral nectaries of Passiflora.I. The floral nectary. American Journal of Botany, 68, 453-462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eleftheriou, E.P. (1990). Plasmodesmatal structure and function in nectaries. In: A.W. Ro-bards, J.D. Pitts, H. Jongsmas & D.C. Spray (Eds.), Parallels in cell to cell junctions in plants and animals (pp. 223-237). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, T.S. (1983). Extrafloral nectaries: their structure and distribution. In: B. Bentley, & T. Elias (Eds.), The biology of nectaries (pp. 174-203). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, T.S., & Gelband, H. (1976). Morphology and anatomy of floral and extrafloral nectaries in Campsis (Bignoniaceae). American Journal of Botany, 63, 1349-1353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, T.E., Rozich, W.R., & Newcombe, L. (1975). The foliar and floral nectaries of Turnera ulmifolia L. American Journal of Botany, 62, 570-576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Endress, P.K. (1994). Floral structure and evolution of primitive angiosperms: recent ad-vances. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 192, 79-97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, M. (1977). The ultrastructure of the nectary of red clover (Trifolium pratense). Journal of Apicultural Research, 16, 184-193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A. (1979a). Secretory tissues in plants. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A. (1979b). Ultrastructure of nectaries in relation to nectar secretion. American Journal of Botany, 66, 977-985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A. (1987). The extrafloral nectaries of Sambucus. Annals of Botany, 60, 299-308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A. (1988). Secretory tissues in vascular plants. New Phytologist, 108, 229-257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A. (2000). Structure and function of secretory cells. Advances in Botanical Research, 31, 37-75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A., & Benouaiche, P. (1979). Ultrastructure, development and secretion in the nectary of banana flowers. Annals of Botany, 44, 85-93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A., & Kotler, M. (1972). The development of the flower and nectary of the Dwarf Cavendish banana. In: Y.S. Murty, B.M. Johri, H.Y. Mohan Ram, & T.M. Varghese (Eds.), Advances in plant morphology (pp. 153-169). Meerut, India: Sarita Prakashan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A., & Rachmilevitz, T. (1970). Ultrastructure and nectar secretion in Lonicera japon-ica. In: N.K.B. Robson, D.F. Cutler, & M. Gregory (Eds.), New research in in plant anatomy (pp. 51-56). London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahn, A., & Shimony, C. (2001). Nectary structure and ultrastructure of unisexual flowers of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. Cucurbitaceae and their presumptive pollinators. Annals of Botany, 87, 27-33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falcão, P.F., de A. Melo-de-Pinna, G.F., Leal, I.R., & Almeida-Cortez, J.S. (2003). Morphol-ogy and anatomy of extrafloral nectaries in Solanum stramonifolium (Solanaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 81, 859-864.

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueiredo, A.C.S., & Pais, M.S. (1992). Ultrastructural aspects of the nectary spur of Limo-dorum abortivum (L) Sw. (Orchidiaceae). Annals of Botany, 70, 325-331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey-Wyssling, A., & Agthe, C. (1950). Nektar ist ausgeschiedener Phloemsaft. Verhandlung der schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 130, 175-176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaffal, K.P., Heimler, W., & El-Gammal, S. (1998). The floral nectary of Digitalis purpurea L., structure and nectar secretion. Annals of Botany, 81, 251-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galetto, L. (1995). Nectary structure and nectar characteristics in some Bignoniaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 196, 99-121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galetto, L., & Bernardello, L.M. (1992). Extrafloral nectaries that attract ants in Bromeli-aceae: structure and nectar composition. Canadian Journal of Botany, 70, 1101-1106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gentry, A.H. (1980). Bignoniaceae, Part I (Crescentieae and Tourrettieae). Flora Neotropical Monographies, 25, 1-150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giaquinta, R.T. (1979). Phloem loading of sucrose. Involvement of membrane ATPase and proton transport. Plant Physiology, 63, 744-748.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunning, B.E.S., & Hughes J.E. (1976). Quantitative assessment of symplastic transport of pre-nectar into the trichomes of Abutilon nectaries. Australian Journal of Botany, 3, 619-637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heil, M., Koch, T., Fiala, B., Boland, W., & Linsenmair, K.E. (2001). Extrafloral nectar pro-duction of the ant-associated plant, Macaranga tanarius, is an induced, indirect, defensive response elicited by jasmonic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 98, 1083-1088.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, H.T., Healy R.A., Cervantes-Martinez T., & Palmer R.G. (2003). Floral nectary fine structure and development in Glycine max L. (Fabaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164, 675-690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearns, C.A., & Inouye, D.W. (1993). Techniques for pollination biologists. Niwot, Colo-rado: University Press of Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kost, C., & Heil, M. (2006). Herbivore-induced plant volatiles induce an indirect defence in neighbouring plants. Journal of Ecology, 94, 619-628.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koteyeva, N.K. (2005). A novel structural type of plant cuticle. Doklady Biological Sciences, 403, 272-274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kronestedt-Robards, E.C., & Robards, A.W. (1991). Exocytosis in gland cells. In: C.R. Hawes, J.O.D. Coleman, & D.E. Evans (Eds.), Endocytosis, exocytosis, and vesicle traffic in plants (pp. 199-231). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kronestedt-Robards, E.C., Robards, A.W., Strak, M., & Olesen, P. (1986). Development of trichomes in the Abutilon nectary gland. Nordic Journal of Botany, 6, 627-639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Küchmeister, H., Gottsberger, I.S., & Gottsberger, G. (1997). Flowering, pollination, nectar standing crop, and nectaries of Euterpe precatoria (Arecaceae), an Amazonian rain forest palm. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 206, 71-97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, R.T., & Hodges, T.K. (1980). The plasma membrane. In: N.E. Tolbert (Ed.), The biochemistry of plants (volume 1, pp. 163-182). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Link, D.A. (1991). The floral nectaries of Geraniales. III. Lepidobotryaceae J. Leonard. Bulle-tin Jardin Botanique Nationale Belgique, 61, 347-354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus, C. (1735). Systema naturae. Leiden: Theodorum Haak.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machado, S.R., & Gregorio, E.A. (2001). Zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) reactive sites in the extrafloral nectary of Citharexylum mirianthum Cham. (Verbenacea). Tissue and Cell, 33, 72-75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maldonado, S., & Otegui, M. (1997). Secretory tissues of the flower of Sanango racemosum (Gesneriaceae). I. Light microscopy. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 46, 413-420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyberg, M., & Kristen, U. (1981). The nectaries of Aptenia cordifolia—ultrastructure, trans-location of C-labelled sugars, and a possible pathway of secretion. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie, 104, 349-355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondor, E.B., & Addicott, J.F. (2003). Conspicuous extra-floral nectaries are inducible in Vicia faba. Ecology Letters, 6, 495-497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morellato, L.P.C., & Oliveira, P.S. (1994). Extrafloral nectaries in the tropical tree Guarea macrophylla (Meliaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 72, 157-160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nepi, M., Ciampolini, F., & Pacini, E. (1996). Development and ultrastructure of Cucurbita pepo nectaries of male flowers. Annals of Botany, 81, 251-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nepi, M., Guarnieri, M., & Pacini, E. (2001). Nectar secretion, reabsorption, and sugar com-position in male and female flowers of Cucurbita pepo. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 162, 353-358.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nepi, M., Human, H., Nicolson, S.W., Cresti L., & Pacini, E. (2005). Nectary structure and nectar presentation in Aloe castanea and A. greatheadii var davyana (Asphodelaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 257, 45-55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nepi, M., Pacini, E., Nencini, C., Collavoli E., & Franchi, G.G. (2003). Variability of nectar production and composition in Linaria vulgaris (L.) Mill. (Scrophulariaceae). Plant Sys-tematics and Evolution, 238, 109-118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ness, J.H. (2003). Catalpa bignonioides alters extrafloral nectar production after herbivory and attracts ant bodyguards. Oecologia, 134, 210-218.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, S.P., Loveys, B.R., & Grant, W.J.R. (1996). Ultrastructure and function of floral nectaries of Chamelaucium uncinatum (Myrtaceae). Annals of Botany, 78, 189-196.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, S.P., & McCully, M.E. (1981). The study of plant structure—principles and selected methods. Melbourne: Termacarphy Pty.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacini, E., & Nepi, M. (2007). Nectar production and presentation. In: S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, & E. Pacini (Eds.), Nectaries and nectar (pp. 167-214). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pacini, E., Nepi, M., & Vesprini, J.L. (2003). Nectar biodiversity: a short review. Plant Sys-tematics and Evolution, 238, 7-22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pacini, E., Taylor, P.E., Singh, M.B., & Knox, R.B. (1992) Plastid developmental pathways in some reproductive cells. In: E. Ottaviano, & D.L. Mulcahy (Eds.), Angiosperm pollen and ovules (pp. 36-42). New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pais, M.S., & Figueiredo, A.C.S. (1994). Floral nectaries from Limodorum abortivum (L) Sw and Epipactis atropurpurea Rafin (Orchidaceae): ultrastructural changes in plastids during the secretory process. Apidologie, 25, 615-626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pate, J.S., & Gunning, B.E.S. (1972). Transfer cells. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 23, 172-196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pate, J.S., Peoples, M.B., Storer, P.J., & Atkins, C.A. (1985). The extrafloral nectaries of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) II. Nectar composition, origin of solutes, and nec-tary functioning. Planta, 166, 28-38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Y.-B., Li, Y.-Q., Hao, Y.-J., Xu, Z.-H., & Bai, S.-N. (2004). Nectar production, and transportation in the nectaries of the female Cucumis sativus L. flower during anthesis. Protoplasma, 224, 71-78.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petanidou, T. (2007). Ecological and evolutionary aspects of floral nectars in Mediterranean habitats. In: S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, & E. Pacini (Eds.), Nectaries and nectar (pp. 343-375). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petanidou, T., Goethals, V., & Smets, E. (2000). Nectary structure of Labiatae in relation to their nectar secretion and characteristics in a Mediterranean shrub community: does flow-ering time matter? Plant Systematics and Evolution, 225, 103-118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachmilevitz, T., & Fahn, A. (1973). Ultrastructure of nectaries of Vinca rosea L., Vinca major L., and Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Valencia and its relation to the mechanism of nectar secretion. Annals of Botany, 37, 1-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachmilevitz, T., & Fahn, A. (1975). The floral nectary of Tropaeolum majus L.—The nature of the secretory cells and the manner of nectar secretion. Annals of Botany, 39, 721-728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razem, F.A., & Davis, A.R. (1999). Anatomical and ultrastructural changes of the floral nec-tary of Pisum sativum L. during flower development. Protoplasma, 206, 57-72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, G. (2000). Nuptial nectary structure of Bignoniaceae from Argentina. Darwiniana, 38, 227-239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robards, A.W., & Stark, M. (1988). Nectar secretion in Abutilon: a new model. Protoplasma, 142, 79-91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, H.J. (2006). Programmed cell death in floral organs: how and why do flowers die? Annals of Botany, 97, 309-315.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rudall, P.J. (2002). Homologies of inferior ovaries and septal nectaries in monocotyledons. International Jurnal of Plant Sciences, 163, 261-276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sajo, M.G., Rudall P.J., & Prychid, C.J. (2004). Floral anatomy of Bromeliaceae, with particu-lar reference to the evolution of epigyny and septal nectaries in commelinid monocots. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 247, 215-231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawidis, T. 1998. The subglandular tissue of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis nectaries. Flora, 193, 327-335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawidis, T., Eleftheriou, E.P., & Tsekos, I. (1987a). The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis I. Development of the secretory hairs. Annals of Botany, 59, 643-652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawidis, T., Eleftheriou, E.P., & Tsekos, I. (1987b). The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. II. Plasmodesmatal frequences. Phyton, 27, 155-164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawidis, T., Eleftheriou, E.P., & Tsekos, I. (1989). The floral nectaries of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis III. A morphometric and ultrastructural approach. Nordic Journal of Botany, 9, 63-71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, R. (1985). Functional interpretation of the morphology and anatomy of septal nectar-ies. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 34, 125-128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, R. (1988). Reproductive versus extra-reproductive nectaries-historical perspective and terminological recommendations. The Botanical Review, 54, 179-232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnepf, E., & Pross, C. (1980). Unusual transfer cells in the epithelium of the nectaries of Asclepias curassavica L. Protoplasma, 105, 135-148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnepf, E., & Pross, E. (1976). Differentiation and redifferentiation of a transfer cell: devel-opment of septal nectaries of Aloe and Gasteria. Protoplasma, 89, 105-115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smets, E.F., & Cresens, E.M. (1988) Types of floral nectaries and the concept of “character” and “character state”—a reconsideration. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 37, 121-128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smets, E.F., Ronse Decraene, L.-P., Caris, P., & Rudall, P.J. (2000). Floral nectaries in monocotyledons: distribution and evolution. In: K.L. Wilson, & D.A. Morrison (Eds.), Monocots: systematics and evolution (pp 230-240). Melbourne: CSIRO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sousa e Paiva, E.A., Castanheira de Morais, H., dos Santos Isaias, R.M., Sucena da Rocha, D.M., & Oliveira, P.E. (2001). Occurrence and structure of extrafloral nectaries in Pterodon pubescens Benth., and Pteredon polygalaeflorus Benth. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 36, 219-224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M. (1995). The structure of floral nectaries of some species of Vicia L. (Papil-ionaceae). Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 64, 327-334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M. (1997). The structure of nectary of Platanthera bifolia L. Orchidaceae. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 66, 5-11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M. (2003). Nectar resorption in the spur of Platanthera chlorantha Custer (Rchb.) Orchidaceae structural and microautoradiographic study. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 238, 119-126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M., Davies, K.L., & Gregg, A. (2005a). Comparative account of nectary struc-ture in Hexisea imbricata (Lindl.) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae). Annals of Botany, 95, 749-756.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M., Davies, K.L., & Gregg, A. (2003). Nectary structure and nectar secretion in Maxillaria coccinea (Jacq.) L.O. Williams ex Hodge (Orchidaceae). Annals of Botany, 93, 87-95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M., Milanesi, C., Faleri, C., & Cresti, M. (2005b). Ultrastructure of the nectary spur of Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. (Orchidaceae) during successive stages of nectar secretion. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, 47, 111-119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stpiczyńska, M., & Matusiewicz, J. (2001). Anatomy and ultrastructure of spur nectary of Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) Orchidaceae. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 70 (4), 267-272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teuber, L.R., Albersten, M.C., Barnes, D.K., & Heichel, G.H. (1980). Structure of floral nec-taries of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in relation to nectar production. American Journal of Botany, 67, 433-439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornburg, R. (2007). Molecular biology of the Nicotiana floral nectary. In: S.W. Nicolson, M. Nepi, & E. Pacini (Eds.), Nectaries and nectar (pp. 265-288). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vesprini, J.L., Galetto, L., & Bernardello, G. (2003). The beneficial effect of ants on the re-productive success of Dyckia floribunda (Bromeliaceae), an extrafloral nectary plant. Canadian Journal of Botany, 81, 24-27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vesprini, J.L., Nepi, M., & Pacini, E. (1999). Nectary structure, nectar secretion patterns and nectar composition in two Helleborus species. Plant Biology, 1, 560-568.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vezza, M., Nepi M., Guarnieri M., Artese, D., Rascio, N., & Pacini E. (2006). Ivy (Hedera helix L.) flower nectar and nectary ecophysiology. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 167, 519-527.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinoth, T., & Yash, D. (1992). Structure and biology of nectaries in Tabebuia serratifolia Nichols (Bignoniaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 109, 395-400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S. (1998a). Remarkable nectaries: structure, ecology, organophyletic perspectives II. Nectarioles. Flora, 193, 1-29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, S. (1998b). Remarkable nectaries: structure, ecology, organophyletic perspectives III. Nectar ducts. Flora, 193, 113-131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wäckers, F.L., Zuber, D., Wunderlin, R., & Keller, F. (2001). The effect of herbivory on tem-poral and spatial dynamics of foliar nectar production in cotton and castor. Annals of Botany, 87, 365-372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wergin, W.P., Elmore, C.D., Hanny, B.W., & Ingber, B.F. (1975). Ultrastructure of the sub-glandular cells from the foliar nectaries of cotton in relation to the distribution of plamodesmata and the symplastic transport of nectar. American Journal of Botany, 62, 842-849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weryszko-Chmielewska, E. (2003). Morphology and anatomy of floral nectary and corolla outgrowths of Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm (Boraginaceae). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, 45, 43-48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wist, T.J., & Davis, A.R. (2006). Floral nectar production and nectary anatomy and ultra-structure of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae). Annals of Botany, 97, 177-193.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zer, H., & Fahn, A. (1992). Floral nectaries of Rosmarinus officialis L. structure, ultrastruc-ture and nectar secretion. Annals of Botany, 70, 391-397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, J. (1932). Über die extrafloralen Nektarien der Angiosperm. Bot. Cent. Beih.,49,99-196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, J., & Hu, Z.H. (2002). Cytological studies on the development of sieve element and floral nectary tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana. Acta Botanica Sinica, 44, 9-14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, J., Hu, Z.H., & Müller, M. (1997). Ultrastructure of the floral nectary of Arabidopsis thaliana L. prepared from high pressure freezing and freeze substitution. Acta Botanica Sinica, 39, 289-295.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Massimo Nepi

Authors
  1. Massimo Nepi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa

    Susan W. Nicolson

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Massimo Nepi

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Ettore Pacini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nepi, M. (2007). Nectary structure and ultrastructure. In: Nicolson, S.W., Nepi, M., Pacini, E. (eds) Nectaries and Nectar. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5937-7_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation