The greatest asset of the Mediterranean Islands is landscape. In its broadest definition, landscape comprises physical resources, being natural, semi-natural and human, as well as cultural resources expressed in local perceptions and identity, traditional management practices, socio-economic and political systems. Mediterranean Island landscapes encapsulate a character of place that is quintessentially Mediterranean. They are microcosms of the basin’s geomorphological, biological and cultural diversity, and equally a reflection of the historical coexistence of people and environment, as well as a reflection of insularity.
The broad, integrative understanding of landscape underpins the essence of a strategy based on both conservation and management. Accordingly, a landscape strategy acknowledges the twofold character of Mediterranean Island landscapes as (a) the context for evaluating environmental, ecological and cultural resources and (b) the framework for ensuring a sustainable future. Equally, landscape strategies become a roadmap to evaluate concerns, to recognise resource limitation and aspirations, to develop a future vision, to articulate objectives, and to propose the principles and framework for an equitable and sustainable future.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andresen, T., Aguiar, F. and Curado, M. (2004) The Alto Douro Wine Region greenway. Landscape and Urban Planning 68: 289–303.
Aschmann, H. (1973) Man’s impact on the the several regions with Mediterranean climates. In F. di Castri and H. Mooney (eds.) Mediterranean Type Ecosystems: Origin and Structure. Chapman & Hall: London, pp. 363–390.
Bail, C. (2000) The convention of biological diversity in an European perspective. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 70 (Suppl.): 21–23.
Brandt, J., Tress, B. and Tress, G. (eds.) (2000) Multi-functional landscapes: interdisciplinary approaches to landscape research and management. Conference proceedings, Roskilde, October 18–21, 2000. Centre for Landscape Research, Roskilde.
Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Convention. European Treaty Series–No. 176. Council of Europe, Strasbourg.
De Montmollin, B. and Stahm, W. (eds.) (2005) The top 50 Mediterranean Island plants. Wild Plants at the Brink of Extinction, and What is Needed to Save Them. IUCN: Gland and Cambridge.
Di Castri, F. and Mooney, H. (eds.) (1973) Mediterranean Type Ecosystems: Origin and Structure. Chapman & Hall: London.
Fabos, J. and Ryan, R. (2004) International greenway planning: an introduction. Landscape and Urban Planning 68: 134–146.
Farina, A. (1998) Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology. Chapman & Hall: London.
Forman, R. and Godron, M. (1986) Landscape Ecology. Wiley: New York.
Gobster, P. and Westphal, L. (2004) The human dimensions of urban greenways: planning for recreation and related experiences. Landscape and Urban Planning 68: 289–303.
Hopkins, L. (2002) IUCN and Mediterranean Islands: Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use. IUCN: Gland and Cambridge.
Jongman, R. and Pungetti, G. (eds.) (2004) Ecological Networks and Greenways: Concepts, Design, Implementation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Kim, K. and Weaver, R. (eds.) (1994) Biodiversity and Landscapes: A Paradox of Humanity. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Leontidou, L., Gentileschi, M.L., Aru, A. and Pungetti, G. (1997) Urban Expansion and Littoralisation. In P. Mairota, J.B. Thornes and N. Geeson (eds.) Atlas of Mediterranean Environments in Europe. Wiley: Chichester, UK, pp. 92–97.
LĂłpez, A. and Correas, E. (2003) Assessment and Opportunities of Mediterranean Networks and Action Plans for the Management of Protected Areas. IUCN: Gland and Cambridge.
Lovejoy, T.E. and Hannah, L. (eds.) (2004) Climate Change and Biodiversity. Yale University Press: Yale.
Makhzoumi, J. (1996) The spatial and ecological diversity of rural landscapes as a foundation for regional planning. In I. Simpson and P. Dennis (eds.) The Spatial Dynamics of Biodiversity. Proceedings of the 5th annual IALE (UK) Conference, Stirling. Colin Cross Printers: Garstang, UK, pp. 131–138.
Makhzoumi, J. (1997) The changing role of rural landscapes: olive and carob multi-use tree plantations in the semiarid Mediterranean. Landscape and Urban Planning 37: 115–122.
Makhzoumi, J. (2000) Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture: applications in Malta. Landscape and Urban Planning 20: 167–177.
Makhzoumi, J. (2001) Olive Trees: Inventory and Assessment. Survey prepared for ProAction, North Cyprus, in collaboration with Middle East Environmental Ltd (unpublished).
Makhzoumi, J. (2003) Ebel-es-Saqi Ecological Park: Landscape Assessment and Development. UN-EASCWA, Beirut (unpublished).
Makhzoumi, J. (2005) A Holistic Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Use in Lebanon: Partnering with Landowners. IBSAR-AUB: Beirut (unpublished).
Makhzoumi, J. and Gunduz, S. (2002) Nature conservation in the Mediterranean: new roles for traditional rural landscapes. In H. Gokcekus (ed.) Environmental Problems of the Mediterranean Region. Conference proceedings 12–15 April 2002, Nicosia, Near East University, Nicosia.
Makhzoumi, J. and Pungetti, G. (1999) Ecological Landscape Design and Planning: The Mediterranean context. E & FN Spon: London.
MEDALUS (1993) Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use: Executive Summary. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General Science and Development, Brussels.
Myers, N. and Cowling, R. (1999) Mediterranean Basin. In R.A. Mittermeier, N. Myers and C. Goettsch Mittermeier (eds.) Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. CEMEX and Conservation International, Mexico City, pp. 254–267.
Naveh, Z. (1990) Ancient man’s impact on the Mediterranean landscape in Israel: ecological evolutionary perspectives. In S. Bottema, G. Entjes-Nieborg and W. van Zeist (eds.) Man’s Role in the Shaping of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape. A.A. Balkema: Rotterdam.
Naveh, Z. (1995) Interactions of landscapes and cultures. Landscape and Urban Planning 32: 43–54.
Naveh, Z. (1998) From biodiversity to ecodiversity: holistic conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of Mediterranean landscapes. In P. Rundel, G. Montenegro and F. Jaksic (eds.) Landscape Disturbance and Biodiversity in Mediterranean-type Ecosystems. Springer: Berlin.
Naveh, Z. and Lieberman, A. (1990) Landscape Ecology. Springer: New York.
Polunin, O. and Huxley, A. (1987) Flowers of the Mediterranean. Chatto & Windus: London.
Pungetti, G. (1995) Anthropological approach to agricultural landscape history in Sardinia. Landscape and Urban Planning 31: 41–56.
Pungetti, G. (1996a) Biodiversity and sustainable land use in the Mediterranean. In Ministry of Environment International Symposium on Mediterranean Biodiversity. ENEA: Rome, pp. 107–111.
Pungetti, G. (1996b) Landscape in Sardinia: History Feature Policies. CUEC: Cagliari.
Pungetti, G. (1999) State of the art information on ecological networks in Europe and Italy. In A. Farina (ed.) Perspectives in Ecology: A glance from the VII International Congress of Ecology (INTECOL). Backhuys Publishers: Leiden, pp. 445–452.
Pungetti, G. (2001a) The link between local communities and scientific experts in the framework of regional planning questions in Italy. In Council of Europe, The Partnership of Local and Regional Authorities in the Conservation of Biological and Landscape Diversity. Council of Europe: Strasbourg, pp. 119–125.
Pungetti, G. (2001b) Rio S. Lucia Lowland, Sardinia. In B. Green and W. Vos (eds.) Threatened Landscapes: Conserving Cultural Environments. E & FN Spon: London, p. 87.
Pungetti, G. (2001c) European partnership in ecological networks. In U. Mander, A. Printsmann and H. Palang (eds.) Development of European Landscapes. Publ. Inst. Geographici Universitatis Tartunensis, pp. 567–573.
Pungetti, G. (2003) Ecological landscape design, planning and connectivity in the Mediterranean and in Italy. In M.R.G. Mora (ed.) Environmental Connectivity: Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Basin. Junta de Andalucia, RENPA and IUCN: Sevilla, pp. 109–120.
Pungetti, G. (2005) Ecological networks and ecoregions: new landscape linkages at regional level. In D. McCollin and J.I. Jackson (eds.) Planning, People and Practice: The landscape Ecology of Sustainable Landscapes. IALE-UK, Garstang, pp. 133–139.
Pungetti, G. and Romano, B. (2004) Planning the future landscape in between nature and culture. In R.H.G. Jongman and G. Pungetti (eds.) Ecological Networks and Greenways: Concept, Design, Implementation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 107–127.
Pungetti, G. and Sluis van der, T. (2002) Ecological corridors, scenario and Life. In D. Chamberlain and A. Wilson (eds.) Avian Landscape Ecology: Pure and Applied Issues in the Large-scale Ecology of Birds. IALE-UK: Garstang, UK, pp. 260–263.
Raven, P. (1973) The evolution of Mediterranean flora. In F. di Castri and H. Mooney (eds.) Mediterranean Type Ecosystems. Origin and Structure. Chapman & Hall: London. pp. 213–224.
Rundel, P., Montenegro, G. and Jaksic, F. (eds.) (1998) Landscape Disturbance and Biodiversity in Mediterranean-type Ecosystems. Springer: Berlin.
Thirgood, J. (1987) Cyprus: A Chronicle of Its Forest, Land and People. University of British Colombia Press: Vancouver, Canada.
Troll, C. (1971) Landscape ecology (geo-ecology) and bio-ecology: a terminology study. Geoforum 8: 43–46.
UNEP (2005) Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development: A framework for Environmental Sustainability and Shared Prosperity. UNEP/MAB: Athens.
Wilson, E. (1992) The Diversity of Life. The Belknap Press of Harvard University: Cambridge, MA.
Zonneveld, I. and Forman, R. (eds.) (1990) Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. Springer: New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Makhzoumi, J., Pungetti, G. (2008). Landscape Strategies. In: Vogiatzakis, I., Pungetti, G., Mannion, A.M. (eds) Mediterranean Island Landscapes. Landscape Series, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5064-0_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5064-0_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5063-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5064-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)