Abstract
Large slope failures are characteristic of the strongest eruptions of the Kamchatka volcanoes during the last 60 years. Their causes, mechanisms and volumes differ depending on the morphology of the volcanic edifice, type and intensity of eruption, magma composition and viscosity. Rockslides of 0.05 and 0.006 km3 in volume on high, steep slopes of the Klyuchevskoi volcano during 1945 and 1985 eruptions were caused by deformation of the upper part of the edifice, which swelled due to magma intrusion. The trough-like shapes of scars that narrow downslope are due to destruction of inclined strata of heterogeneous rocks dissected by radial tension fractures. The strata also are affected by permafrost, and contain ice. Giant (>1 km3) failure of the andesite extrusive massif of the Young Shiveluch volcano in 1964 was induced by motion of viscous magma below its basement. Such failure is typical of this volcano and has occurred more than 10 times in the past. Catastrophic collapses of the andesite volcanoes Bezymianny and Novyi in 1956 and 1985 were caused by intrusions of large amount of fresh viscous magma into their edifices.
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MELEKESTSEV, I. (2006). LARGE MODERN COLLAPSES ON THE ACTIVE VOLCANOES OF KAMCHATKA: CAUSES AND MECHANISM OF FORMATION. In: Evans, S.G., Mugnozza, G.S., Strom, A., Hermanns, R.L. (eds) Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure. NATO Science Series, vol 49. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4037-5_23
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