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Sea-salt aerosol source functions and emissions

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Emissions of Atmospheric Trace Compounds

Part of the book series: Advances in Global Change Research ((AGLO,volume 18))

Abstract

Sea spray aerosols are important for a wide variety of processes. Part of the current interest is their role in climate (Penner et al., 2001). Sea spray aerosol contributes to atmospheric cooling because they scatter incoming solar radiation. It is a natural component of the climate system and therefore can not be regarded as a forcing component. However, it is often neglected in global climate models and may be responsible for feedback effects. Latham and Smith (1990) suggested that a changing climate would alter surface winds and thus sea spray emissions. Although the sea spray aerosol number concentrations are not very high compared to those of anthropogenic aerosols such as ammonium sulphates, their role is significant because the oceans cover 70% of the Earth, whereas anthropogenic aerosols are rather locally produced. Sea-salt is the dominant submicrometer scatterer in most ocean regions and dominates the marine boundary layer particulate mass concentration in remote oceanic regions, with a significant fraction occurring in the submicrometer size range (IPCC., 2001). Sea-salt contributes 44% to the global aerosol optical depth. Estimates for top-of-atmosphere, global-annual radiative forcing due to sea-salt are -1.51 and -5.03 Wm2 for low and high emission values, respectively (IPCC., 2001). Sea spray not only affects climate by scattering of solar radiation, it also acts as cloud condensation nuclei and thus contributes to the indirect aerosol effect (IAE).

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  1. Michael Schulz
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  2. Gerrit de Leeuw
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  3. Yves Balkanski
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Service d’Aéronomie, Université Paris 6, Paris, France

    Claire Granier

  2. CIRES/NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA

    Claire Granier

  3. Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany

    Claire Granier

  4. Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paulo Artaxo

  5. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

    Claire E. Reeves

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© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Schulz, M., de Leeuw, G., Balkanski, Y. (2004). Sea-salt aerosol source functions and emissions. In: Granier, C., Artaxo, P., Reeves, C.E. (eds) Emissions of Atmospheric Trace Compounds. Advances in Global Change Research, vol 18. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

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