Abstract
Spin immunoassay (SIA) has never been a popular technique, compared with either radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using a stable free radical, or spin label, as a marker, SIA enables the simultaneous measurement of ‘bound’ and ‘free’ components of the immunoassay system. Furthermore, it is theoretically possible to carry out double-label experiments by using nitroxide spin labels containing 14N and 15N. Other advantages include lack of background, rapidity and small sample volume (< 10 µl). These benefits are offset, however, by a relatively low sensitivity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometers can detect a minimum of 1013 spin labels without resorting to time-consuming signal averaging to improve the instrumental signal-to-noise ratio. This figure corresponds to approximately 10−10 M, or 100-fold less sensitivity than the best RIA or ELISA methods. Nevertheless, this sensitivity has been adequate to enable SIA to be used to test for a range of drugs, drug metabolites and some low molecular weight hormones in various body fluids. A modification of SIA, spin membrane immunoassay (SMIA), is significantly more sensitive, but it has mainly been used as a research tool to explore complement-dependent lysis of lipid bilayer membranes.
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Curtain, C.C., Gordon, L.M. (1988). Spin Immunoassays. In: Pal, S.B. (eds) Reviews on Immunoassay Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10318-8_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10318-8_9
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