Abstract
Government is taking an ever-increasing part in stimulating development; the old idea that Colonial governments exist solely to maintain law and order with the addition of social services is fast giving way to a more active conception … John Wakefield, Planner of the Groundnuts Scheme (1946).
This article was written as part of a research project on the political economy of Tanzania, which will be published in 1981 as Tanzania 1800–1980: A Political Economy (Oxford University Press).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Austen, R. A. (1968), North-western Tanzania under German and British Rule, Yale.
Awiti, A. (1972a), ‘Ismaili and the rise of capitalism’, in Cliffe et al. (eds) (1975).
Awiti, A. (1972b), ‘The development of ujamaa in Ismani’, in Cliffe et al. (eds) (1975).
Beck, R. S. (1963), An Economic Study of Coffee-Banana Farms in the Machame Central Area, 1961, USAID, Dar es Salaam.
Belshaw, D and Hall, M. (1972), ‘The analysis and use of agricultural experimental data’. East African Journal of Rural Development, 5, 1–2.
Boesen, J. (1976), Tanzania: From Ujamaa to Villagisation, Institute for Development Research, Paper A76.7, Copenhagen.
Bomani, P (1966), ‘Planning for rural development,’ Mbioni 2, 11.
Bowles, B. (1976), ‘Export crops and underdevelopment in Tanganyika 1929–1961’, Utafiti (Dar es Salaam) 1, 1.
Cliffe, L. (1964, postscript 1970), ‘Nationalism and the reaction to enforced agricultural change in Tanganyika during the colonial period’, in Cliffe and Saul (eds) (1972).
Cliffe, L. and Cunningham, G. (1968a), ‘Ideology, organisation and the settlement experience in Tanzania’, in Cliffe and Saul, (eds) (1973).
Cliffe, L. et al. (1968b), An Interim Report on the Evaluation of Agricultural Extension, Rural Development Paper No. 5, Rural Development Research Committee, University of Dar es Salaam.
Cliffe, L. and Saul, J. (eds) (1972), Socialism in Tanzania: An Interdisciplinary Reader, Vol. 1, Nairobi.
Cliffe, L. and Saul, J. (eds) (1973), Socialism in Tanzania: An Interdisciplinary Reader, Vol. 2, Nairobi.
Cliffe, L. et al. (eds) (1975), Rural Co-operation in Tanzania, Dares Salaam.
Collins, P. (1972), ‘The working of Tanzania’s Rural Development Fund: A problem in decentralisation’, East African Journal of Rural Development 5, 1–2.
Collinson, M. (1963), Farm Management Survey Report No. 3, Western Research Centre, Ukiriguru, Tanzania.
Collinson, M. (1970), ‘An example of farm survey work directed towards the solution of a policy problem: the comparative economics of growing aromatic or Virginia tobacco on small family farms in the Tabora area of Tanzania’, Economic Research Bureau Paper 70.7, University of Dar es Salaam.
Coulson, A. (1975), ‘Peasants and bureaucrats’, Review of African Political Economy, No. 3.
Coulson, A. (1977), ‘Crop priorities for the Lowlands of Tanga Region’, Tanzania Notes and Records, 81–2.
Coulson, A (ed.) (1979), African Socialism in Practice: The Tanzian Experience, Nottingham.
Desfosses, H. and Levesque, J. (eds) (1975), Socialism in the Third World, New York.
De Wilde J. C. (1967), Experiences with Agricultural Development in Tropical Africa, vol. II, The Case Studies (chap. 6: ‘Tanzania: Agricultural Development in Sukumaland’ is attributed to P. McLoughlin ), Baltimore.
Finlay, R. (1974), ‘Intercropping soyabeans with cereals’, Regional Soyabean Conferences, Addis Ababa, Oct. 1974.
Frankel, S. H. (1950). H. (1950), ‘The Kongwa experiment: lessons of the East African Groundnuts Scheme’, The Times, Oct. 4 and 5 1950 (reprinted in Frankel, 1953 ).
Frankel, S. H. (1953), The Economic Impact on Underdeveloped Countries, Harvard.
Freyhold, M. von (1972), ‘Government staff and ujamaa villages’, East African Social Science Conference, Nairobi, 1972.
Freyhold, M. von (1979), Ujamaa Villages in Tanzania: Analysis of a Social Experiment, London.
Fuggles-Couchman, N. R. (1964), Agricultural Change in Tanganyika 1945–1960, Stanford.
Garnes, A. J. (1975), Appendix 6, Minutes of the Research/Extension Seminar held in Iringa, 24–25 Feb. 1975 (available from Ministry of Agriculture Research and Training Institute, Mbeya).
Geografrska Annaler (1972). Special Issue on ‘Soil Erosion and Sedimentation in Tanzania’, 54, 3–4, Uppsala.
Gottleib, M. (1973), ‘The extent and characterisation of differentiation in Tanzanian agricultural and rural society, 1967–69’, African Review 3, 2.
Groeneveld, S. (1968), ‘Traditional farming and cattle-coconut schemes in Tanga Region’, in Ruthenberg (ed.) (1968).
Hill, F. (1975), ‘Ujamaa: African socialist productionism in Tanzania’, in Des-fosses and Levesque (1975).
Hulls, R. H. (1971), ‘An assessment of agricultural extension in Sukumaland, Western Tanzania’, Economic Research Bureau Paper 71.13, University of Dar es Salaam.
Hyden, G. (1975), ‘Ujamaa, villagisation and rural development in Tanzania’, ODI Review, 1.
Hyden, G. (ed.) (1976), Co-operatives in Tanzania, Studies in Political Science No. 4, Dar es Salaam.
Ibbott, R. (n.d.), ‘The Ruvuma Development Association’, unpublished.
Iliffe, J. (1972), Agricultural Change in Modern Tanzania, Nairobi.
Kawawa, R. (1966), ‘New approaches to rural development’, Mbioni. 2, 11.
Kjekshus, H. (1977), Ecology Control and Economic Development in East African History, London.
Kriesel, H. et al. (1970), Agricultural Marketing in Tanzania, USAID, Dar es Salaam and Michigan.
Leonard, D. (1976), ‘Bureaucracy, class and inequality in Kenya and Tanzania’, Conference on Inequality in Africa, Mount Kisco, New York, Oct. 1976.
Leys, C. (1972), Underdevelopment in Kenya, London.
Lugard, Lord (1933), Foreword to Strickland (1933).
Luring, H. A. and Venema, L. B. (1969), An Evaluation of the Agricultural Extension Service, Rungwe District Research Project, Leyden.
Maguire, A. (1969), Towards ‘Uhuru’ in Tanzania, Cambridge.
Migot-Adholla, S. A. (1969a), ‘The politics of a growers’ co-operative organisation’, in Cliffe et al. (eds) (1975).
Migot-Adholla, S. A. (1969b), ‘Power, differentiation and resource allocation: The co-operative tractor project in Maswa District’, in Hyden (ed.) (1976).
Molloy, J. (1971), Political Communication in Lushoto District, Tanzania, Ph.D. thesis, University of Kent.
Moody, A. (1970), ‘A report on a farm economic survey of tea small-holders in Bukoba District’, Economic Research Bureau Paper 70.8, University of Dar es Salaam.
Mutaha, A. Z. (1968), ‘The political impact of the co-operative union in Dodoma District’, in Hyden (1976).
Mwapachu, J. V. (1976), ‘Operation planned villages in rural Tanzania: A revolutionary strategy for development’, African Review, 6, 1. Reprinted in Coulson (ed.) (1979).
Newiger, N. (1968), ‘Village settlement schemes: The problems of cooperative farming’, in Ruthenberg (1968).
Nyerere, J. K. (1958), ‘National property’, in Nyerere (1966).
Nyerere, J. K. (1962a), ‘Ujamaa — the basis of african socialism’, in Nyerere (1966).
Nyerere, J. K. (1962b), ‘President’s Inaugural Address’, in Nyerere (1966).
Nyerere, J. K. (1966) Freedom and Unity: A Collection from Writings and Speeches, 1952–65, Oxford.
Nyerere, J. K. (1967a), ‘The Arusha Declaration’, in Nyerere (1968a).
Nyerere, J. K. (1967b), ‘Education for Self-Reliance’, in Nyerere (1968a).
Nyerere, J. K. (1967c), ‘Socialism and Rural Development’, in Nyerere (1968a).
Nyerere, J. K. (1968a), Freedom and Socialism: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1965–1967, Oxford.
Nyerere, J. K. (1968b), ‘Freedom and Development’, in Nyerere (1973b).
Nyerere, J. K. (1969), ‘Presidential Circular No. 1 of 1969’, in Cliffe et al. (1975).
Nyerere, J. K. (1971), ‘Ten years after Independence’, in Nyerere (1973b).
Nyerere, J. K. (1972), ‘Decentralisation’, in Nyerere (1973b).
Nyerere, J. K. (1973a), ‘The rational choice’, in Nyerere (1973b).
Nyerere, J. K. (1973b), Freedom and Development: A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1969–1973, Oxford.
Nyerere, J. K. (1975), ‘Report to the TANU Conference’, Daily News, Sept. 24.
Nyerere, J. K. (1977), The Arusha Declaration Ten Years After, Dar es Salaam. Reprinted in Coulson (ed.) (1979).
Overseas Food Corporation (OFC) (1956), Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the Year ended 31 Mar. 1955, HMSO, London.
Parkipuny, L. (1976), L. (1976), ‘Some crucial aspects of the Maasai predicament’, IDEP Seminar on Environment and ‘Poorly Integrated’ Societies in Africa, Mauritius, Apr. 1976. Reprinted in Coulson (ed.) (1979).
Phillips, D. (1974), ‘The need for the development of the food industry in Tanzania through small-scale production’, Dar es Salaam, mimeo.
Pratt, C. (1976), The Critical Phase in Tanzania 1945–68, Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy, Cambridge.
Raikes, P. (1971), ‘Wheat production and the development of capitalism in North Iraq’, in Cliffe et al. (eds) (1975).
Raikes, P. (1976a), ‘Coffee production in West Lake Region, Tanzania’, Institute for Development Research, Paper A.76.9) Copenhagen.
Raikes, P. (1976b), ‘Sugar production in West Lake Region, Tanzania, Institute for Development Research,’ Paper A.76.10. Copenhagen.
Raikes, P. (1976c), ‘Tea production in West Lake Region, Tanzania’, Institute for Development Research, Paper A.76.11, Copenhagen.
Redmond, P. (1976), ‘The NMCMU and tobacco production in Songea’, Tanzania Notes and Records, 79–80.
Rodgers, S. F. (1974), ‘The Kilimanjaro Native Planters’ Association’, Transafrican Journal of History, 4, 1–2.
Rotenham, D. von (1968), ‘Cotton Farming in Sukumaland’, in Ruthenberg (1968).
Rounce, N. V. (1946), The Agriculture of the Cultivation Steppe, Cape Town.
Ruthenberg, H. (1964), Agricultural Development in Tanganyika, Munich.
Ruthenberg, H. (ed.) (1968), Small-holder Farming and Small-holder Development in Tanzania, Munich.
Sandberg, A. (1974), ‘The impact of the Steigler’s Gorge dam on Rufiji flood plain’, Bureau of Resource Assessment and Land-Use Planning, University of Dar es Salaam, Service Paper 74.2.
Saul, J. (1971), ‘Marketing co-operatives in a developing country: The Tanzanian case’, in Saul and Cliffe (eds) (1973).
Saylor, G. (1970a), ‘Variation in Sukumaland cotton yields and the extension Service’, Economic Research Bureau, Paper 70.15.
Saylor, G. (1970b) ‘An opinion survey of “Bwana Shambas” in Tanzania’, Economic Research Bureau Paper, 15.
Saylor, G. (1971), ‘A social cost/benefit analysis of agricultural extension and research services among small-holder coffee producers in Kilimanjaro District’, Economic Research Bureau seminar paper.
Saylor, G. (1974), ‘Farm level cotton yields-and the research and extension services in Tanzania’, East African Journal of Rural Development, 7.
Scheffler (1968), ‘Tobacco schemes in the Central Region’, in Ruthenberg (1968).
Sender, J. (1974), ‘Some preliminary notes on the political economy of rural development in Tanzania’, Economic Research Bureau, Paper 74.5, University of Dar es Salaam.
Shivji, I. (1976), Class Struggles in Tanzania, London and Dar es Salaam.
Sperling, D. (1976), ‘Village trial experience of Tanzanian maize research programme’, Ilonga Research Station, Tanzania, mimeo.
Strickland, C. (1933), Co-operation in Africa, Oxford.
Tanganyika see Tanzania.
Tanganyika African National Union (1972), Siasa ni Kilimo (‘Politics is Agriculture’), Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania, United Republic of, (before 1964: Tanganyika), Annual Reports of the Agricultural Department, Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania, United Republic of, The Economic Survey (1967/8 Background to the Budget), (annually), Dares Salaam.
Tanzania, United Republic of, (1964). First Five Year Development Plan 1964/5–1968/9, Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania, United Republic of, (1966a). Report of the Special Committee of Enquiry into the Co-operative Movement and the Marketing Boards, Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania, United Republic of, (1966b), Rural Settlement Commission. A Report on the Village Settlement Programme… to 31st December 1965, Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania, United Republic of, (1969), Second Five Year Development Plan 1969/70–1973/4, Dar es Salaam.
Turok, B. (1971), ‘The Problem of agency in Tanzania’s rural development: Rufiji Ujamaa scheme’, in Cliffe et al. (eds) (1975)
Van Velsen, H. U. Thoden (1973), ‘Staff, kulaks and peasants’, in Cliffe and Saul (eds) (1973).
Wakefield, A. J. (1946), ‘Tanganyika Territory and native uplife’, Journal of the Royal Africa Society 39, 161.
Westergaard, P. (1974). ‘Analysis of the accounts of the co-operative societies of Tanzania for the years 1967–1969’, East African Journal of Rural Development, 7, 1–2.
Widstrand, C. G. (ed.) (1970), Co-operatives and Rural Development in East Africa, Scandinavian Institute of Africa Studies, Uppsala.
Widstrand, C. G. (ed.) (1972), African Co-operatives and Efficiency, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala.
Wisner, B., Kassami, A and Nuwagaba, A. (1971), ‘Mbambara: The long road to ujamaa’, in Cliffe et al. (eds) (1975).
Wood, Alan (1950), The Groundnut Affair, London.
World Bank (1961), The Economic Development of Tanganyika, Baltimore
Young, R. and Fosbrooke, H. (1960), Land and Politics among the Luguru of Tanganyika, Chicago.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1981 Andrew Coulson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coulson, A. (1981). Agricultural Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1946–76. In: Heyer, J., Roberts, P., Williams, G. (eds) Rural Development in Tropical Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05318-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-05318-6_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-05320-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-05318-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Business & Management CollectionBusiness and Management (R0)