Abstract
It is convenient to append as a comment on Beckner’s stimulating paper some remarks made in part in reaction to other presentations, including those of Medawar, Edelman, and Monod, and in a final section to the presentations of Dobzhansky, Thorpe, Eccles, Birch, Rensch and Skolimowski. Beckner, Medawar, Edelman and Monod are among my fellow ‘reductionists’, in so far as there are any ‘reductionists’ present at this conference.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ayala, F. J. (1970). Teleological explanations in evolutionary biology. Philosophy of Science, 37, 1–15.
Bateson, G. (1967). Cybernetic explanation. American Behavioral Scientist, 10, 29–32. (Also in Bateson, G., Steps to an Ecology of Mind, Chandler, San Francisco.)
Burhoe, R. W. (1971). Science and Human Values in the 21st Century. Westminister Press,Philadelphia.
Campbell, D T. (1965). Variation and selective retention in sociocultural evolution. In Social Change in Developing Areas: a reinterpretation of evolutionary theory (ed. H. R. Barringer, G. I. Blanksten and R. W. Mack ). Schenkman, Cambridge, Mass., 19–49.
Campbell, D. T. (1973). On the genetics of altruism and the counter-hedonic components in human culture. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 21–37.
Dobzhansky, Th. (1967). The Biology of Ultimate Concern. New American Library, New York.
Eccles, J. C. (1970). Some implications of the scientiae for the future of mankind. Studium Generale, 23, 917–24.
Haldane, J. B. S. (1932). The Causes of Evolution. Longman, London.
Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243–8.
Maloney, J. C. (1973). Man as a socioeconomic subsystem. In Unity through Diversity (ed. W. Grey and N. D. Rizzo) vol. II. Gordon and Breach, New York.
Monod, J. (1971). Chance and Necessity. Knopf, New York.
Olson, M. (1968). The Logic of Collective Action. Schocken, New York.
Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday, New York.
Polanyi, M. (1969). Life’s irreducible structure. In Polanyi, Knowing and Being. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 225–39.
Polanyi, M. (1970). Why did we destroy Europe? Studium Generale, 23, 909–16.
Rosenblueth, A., Wiener, N. and Bigelow, J. (1943). Behavior, purpose, and teleology. Philosophy of Science, 10, 18–24.
Schelling, T. C. (1971). On the ecology of micromotives. The Public Interest, no. 25, 61–98.
Skolimowski, H. (1973). The twilight of scientific descriptions and the ascent of normative models. In World Models (ed. E. Laszlo). Brazilier, New York. (Proceedings of the Conference at Geneseo, NY, 29–30 September 1972.)
Wimsatt, W. C. (1972). Teleology and the logical structure of function statements. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 3, 1–80.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1974 Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Campbell, D.T. (1974). ‘Downward Causation’ in Hierarchically Organised Biological Systems. In: Ayala, F.J., Dobzhansky, T. (eds) Studies in the Philosophy of Biology. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01892-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01892-5_11
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-01894-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-01892-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Religion & Philosophy CollectionPhilosophy and Religion (R0)