Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Research, Development and Innovation: International, National and Regional Perspectives

  • Chapter
The Palgrave International Handbook of Higher Education Policy and Governance

Abstract

University research has undergone profound transformation over the past three decades. Some of the well-known theses and models about the transformation in the academic system and the changing nature of science — such as the ‘Mode 2’ of knowledge production (Gibbons et al., 1994; Nowotny, Scott and Gibbons, 2001) and the ‘triple helix’ (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 1997) model of interactions between government, university and industry — present broad pictures of the transformation of academic and research organization. In addition, in many parts of the world, universities are acknowledged to be important contributors to economic growth and crucial elements of ‘national innovation systems’ (Edquist, 2005; Mowery and Sampat, 2005; Nelson and Rosenberg, 1993) via the different mechanisms of academic knowledge transfers and exchanges at local, national and international level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abreu, M., Grinevich, V., Hughes, A. and M. Kitson (2009) Knowledge Exchange between Academics and the Business, Public and Third Sectors (UK Innovation Research Centre: University of Cambridge and Imperial College London).

    Google Scholar 

  • Benner, M. and U. Sandstrom (2000) ‘Institutionalization of triple helix: research funding and norms in academic system’, Research Policy, 29(2), 291–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bercovitz, J. and M. P. Feldman (2006) ‘Entrepreneurial universities and technology transfer: a conceptual framework for understanding knowledge-based economic development’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(1), 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruneel, J., D’Este, P. and A. Salter (2010) ‘Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration’, Research Policy, 39(7), 858–868.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charles, D., Kitagawa, F. and E. Uyarra (2014) ‘Universities in crisis?: new challenges and strategies in two english city-regions’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 7(2), 327–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, B. R. (1998) Creating the Entrepreneurial University (Oxford: IAU Press/Pergammon).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. and J. Walsh (2002) ‘Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R & D’, Management Science, 48(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities (CEC) (2003) The Role of the Universities in the Europe of Knowledge, COM (2003) 58 final (Brussels: CEC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, P., Uranga, M. and G. Etxebarria (1997) ‘Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organisational dimensions’, Research Policy, 26(4–5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deem, R. (1998) ‘New managerialism in higher education — the management of performances and cultures in universities’, International Studies in the Sociology of Education, 8(1), 47–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deem, R., Hullyard, S. and Reed, M. (2007) Knowledge, Higher Education and the New Managerialism: The Changing Management of UK Universities (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • D’Este, P. and Patel, P. (2007) University — industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry? Research Policy 36: 1295–1313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dill, D. (2014) ‘Public policy design and university reform: insights into academic change’, in C. Musselin and P. N. Teixeira (eds) Reforming Higher Education: Public Policy Design and Implementation (pp. 21–37) (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dill, D. and F. van Vught (2010) National Innovation and the Academic Research Enterprise: Public Policy in Global Perspective (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Edquist, C (2005) ‘Systems of innovation: perspectives and challenges’, in J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery and R. R. Nelson (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 181–208) (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H. (2002) MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science. (London and New York: Routledge).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H. (1998) ‘The norms of entrepreneurial science: cognitive effects of the new university–industry linkages’, Research Policy, 27(8), 823–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H. and L. Leydesdorff (eds) (1997) Universities and the Global Knowledge Economy: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations (London: Pinter).

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (EC) (2011) Connecting Universities to Regional Growth (CEC, Brussels: European Commission).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, M. and P. Desrochers (2003) ‘Research universities and local economic development: lessons from the history of the Johns Hopkins university’, Industry & Innovation, 10(1), 5–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geiger, R. L. and C. M. Sá (2008) Tapping the Riches of Science: Universities and the Promise of Economic Growth (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gertner, D., Roberts, J. and D. Charles (2011) ‘University-industry collaboration: a CoP approach to KTP’, Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(4), 625–647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geuna, A (1999) The Economics of knowledge production: Funding and the structure of university research. (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geuna, A. and B. Martin (2003) ‘University research evaluation and funding: an international comparison’, Minerva, 41(4), 277–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geuna, A. and A. Muscio (2009) ‘The governance of university knowledge transfer: a critical review of the literature’, Minerva, 47(1), 93–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P. and M. Trow (1994) The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies (London: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddard, J., Coombes, M., Kempton, L. and P. Vallance (2014) ‘Universities as anchor institutions in cities in a turbulent funding environment: vulnerable institutions and vulnerable places in England’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 7(2), 307–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gornitzka, A. and M. Massen (2000) ‘Hybrid steering approaches with respect to European higher education’, Higher Educaiton Policy, 13(3), 267–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R. and C. Leitch (2010) ‘Voodoo institution or entrepreneurial university? spin-off companies, the entrepreneurial system and regional development in the UK’, Regional Studies, 44(9), 1241–1262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazelkorn, E. (2011) Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World-Class Excellence (London: Palgrave MacMillan).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Healy A., Perkman M., Goddard J. and L. Kempton (2014) http://www.ncl.ac.uk HYPERLINK “/curds/publications/publication/210569”“view complete information on this publication” Measuring the Impact of University-Business Cooperation: Final Report. Brussels: Directorate General for Education and Culture, European Commission.

  • Hellstrom, T. (2011) ‘Homing in on excellence: dimensions of appraisal in Center of Excellence program evaluations’, Evaluation, 17(2), 117–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, R., Jaffe, A. and M. Trajtenberg (1998) ‘Universities as a source of commercial technology: a detailed analysis of university patenting, 1965–1988’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(1), 119–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henkel, M. (1999) ‘The modernisation of research evaluation: the case of the UK’, Higher Education, 38(1), 105–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, D. (2012) ‘Performance based university research funding systems’, Research Policy, 41(2), 251–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Himanen, L., Auranen, O., Puuska, H-M. and M. Mieminen (2009) ‘Influence of research funding and science policy on university research performance: a comparison of five countries’, Science and Public Policy, 36(6), 419–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, C. (2004) ‘Conclusion: making sense of controls over government’, in C. Hood, O. James, B. G. Peters and C. Scott (eds) Controlling Modern Government: Variety, Commonality, and Change (pp. 185–205) (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Howells, J., Ramlogan, R. and S-L. Cheng (2012) ‘Innovation and university collaboration: paradox and complexity within the knowledge economy’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36(3), 703–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huggins, R., Johnston, A. and C. Stride (2012) ‘Knowledge networks and universities: locational and organisational aspects of knowledge transfer interactions’, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development: An International Journal, 24(7–8), 475–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, A. (2011) ‘Open innovation, the Haldane principle and the new production of knowledge: science policy and university–industry links in the UK after the financial crisis’, Prometheus, 29(4), 411–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, A., Kitson, M., Bullock, A. and I. Millner (2013) The Dual Funding Structure for Research in the UK: Research Council and Funding Council Allocation Methods and the Pathways to Impact of UK Academics, A report from CBR/UK~IRC to BIS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, M. and L. Meek (2013) ‘Scientific mobility and international research networks: trends and policy tools for promoting research excellence and capacity building’, Studies in Higher Education, 38(3), 331–344(14), Special issue: Research Universities: Networking the Knowledge Economy.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jongbloed, B. and H. Vossensteyn (2001) ‘Keeping up performances: an international survey of performance-based funding in higher education’, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 23(2), 127–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jongbloed, B. and A. Zomer (2011) ‘Valorisation, knowledge transfer and IP: creating value from academic knowledge’, in P. Temple (ed) Universities in the Knowledge Economy: Higher Education Organisation and Global Change (pp. 82–102) (New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa, F. (2005) ‘Entrepreneurial universities and the development of regional societies: a spatial view of the Europe of knowledge’, Higher Education Management and Policy, 17(3), 65–90, Special Issue on Entrepreneurship Paris: OECD.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa, F. and J. Oba (2010) ‘Managing differentiation of higher education system in Japan: connecting excellence and diversity’, Higher Education, 59(4), 507–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klofsten, M. and D. Jones-Evans (2000) ‘Comparing academic entrepreneurship in Europe — the case of Sweden and Ireland’, Small Business Economics, 14(4), 299–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, A. and B-A. Lundvall (2006) ‘The learning organisation and national systems of competence building and innovation’, in E. Lorenz and B. Lundvall (eds) How European Economies Learn: Coordinating Competing Models (pp. 109–139) (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laredo, P. (2007) ‘Revisiting the third mission of universities: towards a renewed categorisation of university activities?’ Higher Education Policy, 20(4), 441–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laursen, K., Reichtein, T. and A. Salter (2011) ‘Exploring the effect of geographical proximity and university quality on university–industry collaboration in the United Kingdom’, Regional Studies, 45(4), 507–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton Smith, H. (2007) ‘Universities, innovation and territorial development: a review of the evidence’, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 25(1), 98–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawton Smith, H., Chapman, D., Wood, P., Barnes, T. and R. Saverio (2014) ‘Entrepreneurial academics and regional innovation systems: the case of spin-offs from London’s universities’, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(2), 341–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, R. (2005) Universities, Innovation and the Competitiveness of Local Economies: A Summary Report from the Local Innovation Systems Project — Phase I. Retrieved December 23, 2014, from http://web.mit.edu/lis/papers/LIS05–010.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. E-J. (2000) ‘Brain Korea 21: a development-oriented national policy in Korean higher education’, International Higher Education, 19(Spring).

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, R. (2010) The Rise of Asia’s Universities, HEPI Lecturer 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2014, from http://www.hepi.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/1.Seventh-Annual-HEPI-Lecture-Richard-Levin.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leydesdorff, L. and M. Meyer (2010) ‘The decline of university patenting and the end of the Bayh-Dole effect’, Scientometric, 83(2), 355–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, L. (2009) ‘Research management and research cultures: power and productivity’, in A. Brew and L. Lucas (eds) Academic Research and Researchers (pp. 66–79) (Maidenhead: SRHE/Open University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marginson, S. and M. Considine (2000) The Enterprise University: Power, Governance and Re-invention in Australia (Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, B. (2003) ‘The changing social contract for science and the evolution of the university’, in A. Geuna, A. Salter and W. E. Steinmueller (eds) Science and Innovation: Rethinking the Rationale for Funding and Governance (pp. 7–29) (London, UK: Edward Elgar).

    Google Scholar 

  • McNay, I (1999) ‘The paradoxes of research assessment and funding’, in M. Henkel and B. Little (eds) Changing Relationships between Higher Education and the State (pp. 191–203) (London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meek, L. and D. Davies (2009) ‘Policy dynamics in higher education and research: concepts and observations’, Higher Education, Research and Innovation: Changing Dynamics, Report on the UNESCO Forum on Higher Education, Research and Knowledge 2001–2009. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001830/183071E.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merton, R. (1942) ‘The normative structures of science’, in R. K. Merton (ed) The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, 1973 (pp. 267–78) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Molas-Gallart, J. and E. Castro-Martinnez (2007) ‘Ambiguity and conflict in the development of “Third Mission” indicators’, Research Evaluation, 16(4), 321–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montesinos, P., Carot, J. M., Martinez, J-M. and M. Francisco (2008) ‘Third mission ranking for world class universities: beyond teaching and research’, Higher Education in Europe, 33(2/3), 259–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mowery, D. and B. N. Sampat (2005) ‘Universities in national innovation systems’, in J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery and R. R. Nelson (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 209–239) (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nedeva, M. (2013) ‘Between the global and the national: organising European science’, Research Policy, 42(1), 220–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R. and N. Rosenberg (1993) ‘Technical innovation and national systems’, in R. Nelson (ed) National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis (pp. 3–22) (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, R. R. (2001) ‘Observations on the post-Bayh-Dole rise of patenting at American universities’, The journal of Technology Transfer, 26(1), 13–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, H., Scott, P. and M. Gibbons (2001) Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty (Cambridge: Polity).

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2003) Turning Science into Business: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research (Paris: OECD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2007) Higher Education and Regions, Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (Paris: OECD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2014) Promoting Research Excellence: New Approaches to Funding (Paris: OECD).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavitt, K. (1998) ‘The Social Shaping of the National Science Base’, Research Policy, 27(8): 793–805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P., Fini, R., Geuna, A., Grimaldi, R., Hughes, A., Krabel, S., Kitson, M., Llerena, P., Lissoni, F., Salter, A. and M. Sobrero (2013) ‘Academic engagement and commercialisation: a review of the literature on university–industry relations’, Research Policy, 42(2), 423–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perkmann, M. and K. Walsh (2007) ‘University-industry relationships and open innovation: towards a research agenda’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 259–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, B. and T. May (2007) ‘Governance, science policy and regions: an introduction’, Regional Studies, 41(8), 1039–1050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinheiro, R., Geschwind, L. and T. Aarrevaara (2014) ‘Nested tensions and interwoven dilemmas in higher education: the view from the Nordic countries’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 7(2), 271–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Power, D. and A. Malmberg (2008) ‘The contribution of universities to innovation and economic development: in what sense a regional problem?’ Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 1(2), 233–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rip, A. (2004) ‘Strategic research, post-modern universities and research training’, Higher Education Policy, 17(2), 153–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, J., Youtie, J. and L. Kay (2012) ‘Program level assessment of research centers: contribution of Nano-Science and Engineering Centers (NSEC) to US Nanotechnology National Initiative (NNI) goals’, Research Evaluation, 21(5), 368–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, F. and A. Rosli (2014) ‘Indicators of university-industry knowledge transfer performance and their implications for universities: Evidence from the United Kingdom’, Studies in Higher Education, ahead-of-print, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothaermel, F. T., Agung, S. D. and L. Jiang (2007) ‘University entrepreneurship: a taxonomy of the literature’, Industrial and Corporate Change, 16(4), 691–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sa, C. and A. Oleksiyenko (2010) ‘Between the local and the global: organized research units and international collaborations in the health sciences’, Higher Education, 62(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmi, J. (2011) ‘Nine common errors in building a new world class university’, International Higher Education, 62(Winter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Salter, A. J. and B. R. Martin (2001) ‘The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research: a critical review’, Research Policy, 30(3), 509–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Barrioluengo, M. (2014) ‘Articulating three missions in Spanish universities’, Research Policy, 43(10), 1760–1773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz-Menendz, L. and L. Cruz-Castro (2005) ‘Explaining the science and technology policies of regional governments’, Regional Studies, 39(7), 939–954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shattock, M. (2005) ‘European universities for entrepreneurship: their Role in the Europe of Knowledge — the theoretical context’, Higher Education Management and Policy, 17(3), 13–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter, S. and R. Leslie (1997) Academic Capitalism: Policies and the Entrepreneurial University (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. O., Ward, V. and A. House (2011) ‘“Impact” in the proposals for the UK’s research excellence framework: shifting the boundaries of academic autonomy’, Research Policy, 40(10), 1369–1379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teichler, U. (1988) Changing Patterns of the Higher Education System: The Experience of Three Decades (London: Jessica Kingsley).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uyarra, E. (2010) ‘Conceptualizing the regional roles of universities, implications and contradictions’, European Planning Studies, 18(8), 1227–1246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Hippel, E. (2009) ‘Democratising innovation: the evolving phenomenon of user innovation’, International Journal of Innovation Science, 1(1), 29–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vorley, T. and J. Nells (2008) ‘(Re)conceptualising the third mission: entrepreneurial architecture of higher education institutions’, Policy Futures in Education, 7(3), 284–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. P., Baba, Y., Goto, A. and Y. Yasaki (2008) ‘Promoting university-industry linkage in Japan’, Prometheus, 26(1), 39–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigren-Kristoferson, C., Gabrielsson, J. and F. Kitagawa (2011) ‘Mind the gap and bridge the gap: research excellence and diffusion of academic knowledge in Sweden’, Science and Public Policy, 38(6), 481–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G. (2003) The Enterprising University (Maidenhead: Open University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Youtie, J. and P. Shapira (2008) ‘Building an innovation hub: a case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development’, Research Policy, 37(8), 1188–1204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Fumi Kitagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ghent University, Belgium

    Jeroen Huisman

  2. University of Twente, the Netherlands

    Harry de Boer

  3. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA

    David D. Dill

  4. Cardiff University, UK

    Manuel Souto-Otero

Copyright information

© 2015 Fumi Kitagawa

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kitagawa, F. (2015). Research, Development and Innovation: International, National and Regional Perspectives. In: Huisman, J., de Boer, H., Dill, D.D., Souto-Otero, M. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of Higher Education Policy and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-45617-5_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation