Skip to main content

Discovery of Novel Coronaviruses in Rodents

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Coronaviruses

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2203))

Abstract

The recent emergence of SARS, SARS-CoV2 and MERS and the discovery of novel coronaviruses in animals and birds suggest that the Coronavirus family is far more diverse than previously thought. In the last decade, several new coronaviruses have been discovered in rodents around the globe, suggesting that they are the natural reservoirs of the virus. In this chapter we describe the process of screening rodent tissue for novel coronaviruses with PCR, a method that is easily adaptable for screening a range of animals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Luis AD, Hayman DT, O'Shea TJ, Cryan PM, Gilbert AT, Pulliam JR, Mills JN, Timonin ME, Willis CK, Cunningham AA, Fooks AR, Rupprecht CE, Wood JL, Webb CT (2013) A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special? Proc Biol Sci 280(1756):20122753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Phan TG, Kapusinszky B, Wang C, Rose RK, Lipton HL, Delwart EL (2011) The fecal viral flora of wild rodents. PLoS Pathog 7(9):e1002218. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. De H, Madsen O, Sibbald MJJB, Ament K, Stanhope MJ, Fo C, de Jong WW, Douzery EJP (2002) Rodent phylogeny and a timescale for the evolution of Glires: evidence from an extensive taxon sampling using three nuclear genes. Mol Biol Evol 19(7):1053–1065. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Parker JC, Cross SS, Rowe WP (1970) Rat coronavirus (RCV): a prevalent, naturally occurring pneumotropic virus of rats. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 31(3–4):293–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheever FS, Daniels JB, Pappenheimer AM, Bailey OT (1949) A murine virus (JHM) causing disseminated encephalomyelitis with extensive destruction of myelin. J Exp Med 90:181–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lau SK, Woo PC, Li KS, Tsang AK, Fan RY, Luk HK, Cai JP, Chan KH, Zheng BJ, Wang M, Yuen KY (2015) Discovery of a novel coronavirus, China Rattus coronavirus HKU24, from Norway rats supports the murine origin of Betacoronavirus 1 and has implications for the ancestor of Betacoronavirus lineage A. J Virol 89(6):3076–3092. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02420-14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang W, Lin XD, Guo WP, Zhou RH, Wang MR, Wang CQ, Ge S, Mei SH, Li MH, Shi M, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ (2015) Discovery, diversity and evolution of novel coronaviruses sampled from rodents in China. Virology 474:19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.017

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ge XY, Yang WH, Zhou JH, Li B, Zhang W, Shi ZL, Zhang YZ (2017) Detection of alpha- and betacoronaviruses in rodents from Yunnan, China. Virol J 14(1):98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0766-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Wu Z, Lu L, Du J, Yang L, Ren X, Liu B, Jiang J, Yang J, Dong J, Sun L, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zheng D, Zhang C, Su H, Zheng Y, Zhou H, Zhu G, Li H, Chmura A, Yang F, Daszak P, Wang J, Liu Q, Jin Q (2018) Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases. Microbiome 6(1):178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0554-9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Tsoleridis T, Onianwa O, Horncastle E, Dayman E, Zhu M, Danjittrong T, Wachtl M, Behnke JM, Chapman S, Strong V, Dobbs P, Ball JK, Tarlinton RE, McClure CP (2016) Discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses in European Rodents and Shrews. Viruses 8(3):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030084

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Monchatre-Leroy E, Boué F, Boucher J-M, Renault C, Moutou F, Ar Gouilh M, Umhang G (2017) Identification of alpha and beta coronavirus in wildlife species in France: Bats, Rodents, Rabbits, and Hedgehogs. Viruses 9(12):364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tsoleridis T, Chappell GJ, Onianwa O, Marston AD, Fooks RA, Monchatre-Leroy E, Umhang G, Müller AM, Drexler FJ, Drosten C, Tarlinton ER, McClure PC, Holmes CE, Ball KJ (2019) Shared common ancestry of rodent alphacoronaviruses sampled globally. Viruses 11(2):E125. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Woo PC, Lau SK, Chu CM, Chan KH, Tsoi HW, Huang Y, Wong BH, Poon RW, Cai JJ, Luk WK (2005) Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia. J Virol 79:884–895. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.2.884-895.2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Vijgen L, Moes E, Keyaerts E, Li S, Van Ranst M (2008) A pancoronavirus RT-PCR assay for detection of all known coronaviruses. Methods Mol Biol 454:3–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-181-9_1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Vlasova AN, Halpin R, Wang S, Ghedin E, Spiro DJ, Saif LJ (2011) Molecular characterization of a new species in the genus Alphacoronavirus associated with mink epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis. J Gen Virol 92(Pt 6):1369–1379. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.025353-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Zlateva KT, Crusio KM, Leontovich AM, Lauber C, Claas E, Kravchenko AA, Spaan WJ, Gorbalenya AE (2011) Design and validation of consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers for broad and sensitive detection of corona- and toroviruses. J Virol Methods 177(2):174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Tong S, Conrardy C, Ruone S, Kuzmin IV, Guo X, Tao Y, Niezgoda M, Haynes L, Agwanda B, Breiman RF, Anderson LJ, Rupprecht CE (2009) Detection of novel SARS-like and other coronaviruses in bats from Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 15(3):482–485. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1503.081013

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Theocharis Tsoleridis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Tsoleridis, T., Ball, J.K. (2020). Discovery of Novel Coronaviruses in Rodents. In: Maier, H., Bickerton, E. (eds) Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2203. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0899-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0900-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics