Abstract
Seeds are one of the preferable and most used sources of germplasm for the ex situ preservation of plant genetic resources. They are generally stored dry at −20 °C in seed banks following international standards. However, some seeds do not tolerate drying and/or storage at −20 °C, or present short lifespans at these conditions. For them cryopreservation is indicated for long-term preservation. When seeds tolerate desiccation (i.e., orthodox seeds), they can be dried at about 32 ± 3% relative humidity at 18 °C and stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. This is the method followed in the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for wild species with short lifespans in the standard conditions of seed banks. When seeds do not tolerate desiccation (i.e., recalcitrant seeds) or their tolerance to desiccation and/or −20 °C storage is limited (i.e., intermediate seeds), drying and cooling procedures must be adjusted, and often, cryoprotection is also required. Some methods are detailed for diverse species of temperate and tropical origin.
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Acknowledgments
We thank diverse researchers and technicians from RBG Kew and the MSB that have supported and revised the development of these protocols, particularly John Adams for helping to build the “flash drier” used at RBG Kew and Frances Stanley and Kirstine Manger for making a critical review of the manuscript. RBG Kew receives grant-in-aid from Defra.
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Ballesteros, D., Fanega-Sleziak, N., Davies, R.M. (2021). Cryopreservation of Seeds and Seed Embryos in Orthodox-, Intermediate-, and Recalcitrant-Seeded Species. In: Wolkers, W.F., Oldenhof, H. (eds) Cryopreservation and Freeze-Drying Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2180. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_36
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_36
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