The Role of Ghrelin in Eating Behavior

Covasa, Mihai; Swartz, Timothy

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_13

Mihai Covasa⁴ &
Timothy Swartz

342 Accesses
1 Citations

Abstract

Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagouge receptor-1a and is released from the basolateral membrane of the X/A-type cells in the mucosal layer of the stomach. Factors regulating ghrelin secretion include energy status, time of meals, and nutrient components of the meal. There are two forms of ghrelin in the circulation: des-acyl ghrelin and acyl ghrelin, with the acylated peptide being the biologically active form. Ghrelin increases motility of the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the colon as well as stimulating secretion of gastric acid. Both systemic as well as central exogenous ghrelin stimulate food intake and secretion of growth hormone. To increase food intake, ghrelin acts through both endocrine and paracrine pathways. In the central nervous system, ghrelin activates neurons in the hindbrain and hypothalamus that are heavily involved in the control of food intake and produce orexigenic neuropeptides. Ghrelin may also play a role in the intake of palatable food as it increases the consumption of high-fat foods as well as other preferred nutrients. Finally, ghrelin shares antagonistic interactions with several peripheral satiety peptides. This chapter summarizes the role of ghrelin as an agent inducing food intake, its mechanisms of action, and its potential participation in the regulation of energy homeostasis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 949.00; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 1,199.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Hardcover Book: USD 1,199.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AP:: Area postrema
ARC:: Arcuate nucleus
CCK:: Cholecystokinin
CNS:: Central nervous system
DMH:: Dorsomedial hypothalamus
DVC:: Dorsal vagal complex
Fos-Li:: Fos-like immunoreactivity
GH:: Growth hormone
GHS-1Ra:: Growth hormone secretagogue
GI:: Gastrointestinal
GLP-1:: Glucagon-like peptide-1
GOAT:: Gastric O-acyl transferase
HF:: High-fat
ICV:: Intraventricular
IP:: Intraperitoneal
IV:: Intravenous
mRNA:: messenger RNA
NTS:: Nucleus tractus solitarius
PVN:: Paraventricular nucleus
PYY:: Peptide tyrosine-tyrosine
VMH:: Ventromedial hypothalamus

References

Aguirre V, Stylopoulos N, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16:2585–92.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Ariyasu H, Takaya K, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4753–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Asakawa A, Inui A, et al. Gut. 2003;52:947–52.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Asakawa A, Inui A, et al. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:337–45.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Bagnasco M, Tulipano G, et al. Regul Pept. 2003;111:161–7.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Bomberg EM, Grace MK, et al. Neuroreport. 2007;18:591–5.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Burdyga G, Varro A, et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006;290:G1289–97.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Chelikani PK, Haver AC, et al. Diabetes. 2006;55:3038–46.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Chen HY, Trumbauer ME, et al. Endocrinology. 2004;145:2607–12.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Cowley MA, Smith RG, et al. Neuron. 2003;37:649–61.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Cummings DE, Shannon MH. Arch Surg. 2003;138:389–96.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Cummings DE, Purnell JQ, et al. Diabetes. 2001;50:1714–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Cummings DE, Weigle DS, et al. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1623–30.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Currie PJ, Mirza A, et al. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005;289:R353–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Date Y, Murakami N, et al. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1120–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Date Y, Kojima M, et al. Endocrinology. 2000;141:4255–61.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Date Y, Toshinai K, et al. Endocrinology. 2005;146:3518–25.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Date Y, Shimbara T, et al. Cell Metab. 2006;4:323–31.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
de Lartigue G, Dimaline R, et al. J Neurosci. 2007;27:2876–82.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Drazen DL, Vahl TP, et al. Endocrinology. 2006;147:23–30.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Druce MR, Wren AM, et al. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29:1130–6.
Article CAS Google Scholar
Faulconbridge LF, Cummings DE, et al. Diabetes. 2003;52:2260–5.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Feinle-Bisset C, Patterson M, et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;289:E948–53.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Foster-Schubert KE, Overduin J, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1971–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Gilg S, Lutz TA. Physiol Behav. 2006;87:353–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Goto M, Arima H, et al. Endocrinology. 2006;147:5102–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Guan XM, Yu H, et al. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1997;48:23–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Halem HA, Taylor JE, et al. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;151 Suppl 1:S71–5.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Hashimoto H, Fujihara H, et al. Endocrinology. 2007;148:1638–47.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Hewson AK, Tung LY, et al. Diabetes. 2002;51:3412–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Holdstock C, Engstrom BE, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3177–83.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Hosoda H, Kojima M, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;279:909–13.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Hosoda H, Kojima M, et al. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:64–70.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Jeon TY, Lee S, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5392–6.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kamegai J, Tamura H, et al. Diabetes. 2001;50:2438–43.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kinzig KP, Scott KA, et al. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006;290:R1565–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kojima M, Hosoda H, et al. Nature. 1999;402:656–60.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Lawrence CB, Snape AC, et al. Endocrinology. 2002;143:155–62.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
le Roux CW, Neary NM, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:4521–4.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Liu X, York DA, et al. Peptides. 2004;25:2171–7.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Lu S, Guan JL, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2002;321:157–60.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Masuda Y, Tanaka T, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;276:905–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Nagaya N, Itoh T, et al. Chest. 2005;128:1187–93.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Nakazato M, Murakami N, et al. Nature. 2001;409:194–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Naleid AM, Grace MK, et al. Peptides. 2005;26:2274–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Neary NM, Small CJ, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2832–6.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Otto B, Cuntz U, et al. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;145:669–73.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Salome N, Hansson C, et al. J Neuroendocrinol. 2009.
Google Scholar
Sato N, Kanai S, et al. Jpn J Physiol. 2003;53:443–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Shimbara T, Mondal MS, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2004;369:75–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Shintani M, Ogawa Y, et al. Diabetes. 2001;50:227–32.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Takayama K, Johno Y, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2007;417:292–6.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Tamura H, Kamegai J, et al. Endocrinology. 2002;143:3268–75.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Tang-Christensen M, Vrang N, et al. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4645–52.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Theander-Carrillo C, Wiedmer P, et al. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1983–93.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Tschop M, Smiley DL, et al. Nature. 2000;407:908–13.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Tups A, Helwig M, et al. J Neuroendocrinol. 2004;16:922–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
van der Lely AJ, Tschop M, et al. Endocr Rev. 2004;25:426–57.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Wang L, Saint-Pierre DH, et al. Neurosci Lett. 2002;325:47–51.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Williams DL, Cummings DE, et al. Endocrinology. 2003;144:2765–7.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Wolden-Hanson T. Physiol Behav. 2006;88:267–76.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Wren AM, Seal LJ, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001a;86:5992.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Wren AM, Small CJ, et al. Endocrinology. 2000;141:4325–8.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Wren AM, Small CJ, et al. Diabetes. 2001b;50:2540–7.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Yabuki A, Ojima T, et al. J Anat. 2004;205:239–46.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Yang J, Brown MS, et al. Cell. 2008;132:387–96.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Yokota I, Kitamura S, et al. Endocr J. 2005;52:271–6.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Zigman JM, Nakano Y, et al. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:3564–72.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Zorrilla EP, Iwasaki S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:13226–31.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

INRA, Écologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Mihai Covasa

Authors

Mihai Covasa
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Timothy Swartz
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihai Covasa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
Victor R. Preedy
Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Room 4335, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA
Ronald Ross Watson
University of the West of Scotland, Ayr Campus, Ayr, KA8 0SR, United Kingdom
Colin R. Martin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Covasa, M., Swartz, T. (2011). The Role of Ghrelin in Eating Behavior. In: Preedy, V., Watson, R., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_13

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_13
Published: 28 March 2011
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-92270-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-92271-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics