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Assessment and Examinations

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International Handbook of Research on Teachers and Teaching

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE,volume 21))

Teachers spend a great deal of their time in assessment or assessment-related activities (Stiggins & Conklin, 1992). This chapter describes the nature of assessment in classrooms and addresses two questions.

First, how do teachers determine whether students have mastered a body of knowledge? Teacher-made or teacher-selected classroom assessments take many forms, including paper and pencil tests and quizzes, performance assessments, oral questions and discussion, and portfolios. Some classroom assessments are used formatively in the learning process, and others are used summatively to assign marks or grades.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Advancing the Study of Teaching & Learning, School of Education, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282

    Susan M. Brookhart

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  1. Susan M. Brookhart
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Lawrence J. Saha

  2. University of Houston, Houston, USA

    A. Gary Dworkin

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Brookhart, S.M. (2009). Assessment and Examinations. In: Saha, L.J., Dworkin, A.G. (eds) International Handbook of Research on Teachers and Teaching. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 21. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73317-3_45

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