Skip to main content

Part of the book series: World Class Parasites ((WCPA,volume 11))

Abstract

Paragonimiasis is the disease caused by lungflukes of the genus Paragonimus. Despite that fact that some 293 million people are at risk of paragonimiasis (Keiser and Utzinger, 2005), and several million are actually infected, the condition is not likely to feature in the curriculum of medical colleges in economically developed countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agatsuma, T., and Hirai, H. (2005) Genetic variation of Paragonimusspecies. In: Arizono, N., Chai, J.Y., Nawa Y., and Takahashi, Y., eds. Asian Parasitology, Vol. 1: Food-Borne Helminthiasis in Asia (pp. 155–165). Japan: FAP Journal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, D., Munoz, J., Gascon, J., Valls, M.E., and Corachan, M. (2006) Short report: failure of standard treatment with praziquantel in two returned travelers with Schistosoma haematobiuminfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74, 342–344.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arene, F.O.I., Ibanga, E., and Asor, J.E. (1998) Epidemiology of paragonimiasis in Cross River Basin, Nigeria—prevalence and intensity of infection due to Paragonimus uterobilateralisin Yakurr Local Government Area. Public Health 112, 119–122.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ashitani, J., Kumamoto, K., and Matsukura, S. (2000) Paragonimiasis westermani with multifocal lesions in lungs and skin. Intern Med 39, 433–436.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asor, J.E., Ibanga, E.S., and Arene, F.O.I. (2003) Paragonimus uterobilateralis: peak period of egg output in sputum of infected subjects in Cross River Basin, Nigeria. Mary Slessor J Med 3, 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belizario, V., Guan, M., Borja, L., Ortega, A.R., and Tiri, R. (1997) Pulmonary para-gonimiasis in non-responding tuberculosis patients in Irosin, Sorsogon. Philippines J Microbiol Infect Dis 26, 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, D., Agatsuma, T., and Watanobe, T. (1997) Molecular evidence for the synonymy of three species of Paragonimus, P. ohiraiMiyazaki, 1939, P. iloktsuenensisChen, 1940 and P. sadoensisMiyazaki et al., 1968. J Helminthol 71, 305–310.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, D., Waikagul, J., Honzako, Y., and Agatsuma, T. (1998) Phylogenetic relationships among the Thai species of Paragonimusinferred from DNA sequences. In: Tada, I., Kojima, S., and Tsuji, M., eds. Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Parasitology, Chiba, Japan, 24–28 August 1998 (pp. 643–647). Bologna: Monduzzi International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, D., Xu, Z.B., and Agatsuma, T. (1999) Paragonimiasis and the genus Paragonimus. Adv Parasitol 42, 113–222.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, D., Davis, G.M., and Wu, B. (2001) Evolutionary relationships between trematodes and snails emphasizing schistosomes and paragonimids. Parasitol 123, S229–S243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, D., Chang, Z.S., Chen, M.G., Cui, A.L., Wu, B., Agatsuma, T., Iwagami, M., Corlis, D., Fu, C.B., and Zhan, X.M. (2005) Paragonimus skrjabiniChen, 1959 (Digenea: Paragonimidae) and related species in eastern Asia: a combined molecular and morpho-logical approach to identification and taxonomy. Syst Parasitol 60, 1–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, B.D. (1984) Paragonimiasis in the Philippines: current status. Arzneimittelforschung 34, 1188–1192.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, B.D., and Fevidal, P.M. (1974) Studies on Paragonimusand paragonimiasis in the Philippines. III. Prevalence and treatment of human paragonimiasis with bithionol in Jaro, Leyte, Philippines. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 5, 39–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calvopiña, M., Guderian, R.H., Paredes, W., Chico, M., and Cooper, P.J. (1998) Treatment of human pulmonary paragonimiasis with triclabendazole—clinical tolerance and drug efficacy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92, 566–569.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calvopiña, M., Guderian, R.H., Paredes, W., and Cooper, P.J. (2003) Comparison of two single-day regimens of triclabendazole for the treatment of human pulmonary paragonimiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97, 451–454.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castilla, E.A., Jessen, R., Sheck, D.N., and Procop, G.W. (2003) Cavitary mass lesion and recurrent pneumothoraces due to Paragonimus kellicottiinfection—North American paragonimiasis. Am J Surg Pathol 27, 1157–1160.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cha, S.H., Chang, K.H., Cho, S.Y., Han, M.H., Kong, Y., Suh, D.C., Choi, C.G., Kang, H.K., and Kim, M.S. (1994) Cerebral paragonimiasis in early active stage: CT and MR features. AJR 162, 141–145.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Z.S., Wu, B., Blair, D., Zhang, Y., Hu, L., Chen, S.H., Chen, M., Feng, Z., and Davis, G. (2000) Gene sequences for identification of Paragonimuseggs from a human case. Chinese J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 18, 213–215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M.G., Chang, Z.S., Shao, X.Y., Liu, M.D., Blair, D., Chen, S.H., Zhang, Y.N., Hong, J.L., Shen, B.G., and Feng, Z. (2001) Paragonimiasis in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province, China: clinical, parasitological and karyotypic studies on Paragonimus westermani. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32, 760–769.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y.Z., Xu, L.S., Chen, B.J., Li, L.S., Zhang, R.Y., Lin, C.X., Lin, J.X., Li, Y.S., Li, Y.R., Fang, Y.Y., Lin, K.Q., and Zheng, G.B. (2005) Survey on the current status of important human parasitic infections in Fujian Province. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 23, 283–287 (in Chinese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • China, Coordinating Office of the National Survey on the Important Human Parasitic Diseases (2005) A national survey on current status of the important parasitic diseases in human population. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 23, 332–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, S.Y., Kong, Y., and Kang, S.Y. (1997) Epidemiology of paragonimiasis in Korea. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 28, 32–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, D.W. (1990) Paragonimusand paragonimiasis in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 28 (suppl), 79–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, J.H., Lee, J.H., Yu, H.S., Jeong, H.J., Kim, J., Hong, Y.C., Kong, H.H., and Chung, D.I. (2006) Molecular and biochemical characterization of hemoglobinase, a cysteine proteinase, in Paragonimus westermani. Korean J Parasitol 44, 187–196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choo, J.D., Suh, B.S., Lee, H.S., Lee, J.S., Song, C.J., Shin, D.W., and Lee, Y.H. (2003) Chronic cerebral paragonimiasis combined with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69, 466–469.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, Y.B., Kong, Y., Joo, I.J., Cho, S.Y., and Kang, S.Y. (1995) Excystment of Paragonimus westermanimetacercariae by endogenous cysteine protease. J Parasitol 81, 137–142.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, Y.B., Kong, Y., Yang, H.J., Kang, S.Y., and Cho, S.Y. (1997) cysteine protease activities during maturation stages of Paragonimus westermani. J Parasitol 83, 902–907.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, J.Y., Bae, Y.A., Na, B.K., and Kong, Y. (2005a) Cysteine protease inhibitors as potential antiparasitic agents. Expert Opin Ther Patents 15, 995–1007.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, Y.B., Kim, T.S., and Yang, H.J. (2005b) Early cysteine protease activity in excre-tory bladder triggers metacercaria excystment of Paragonimus westermani. J Parasitol 91, 953–954.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cilento, R.W., and Backhouse, T.C. (1927) Paragonimiasis. Its first recorded occurrence in the territory of New Guinea. Med J Aus 14, 79–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cioli, D., and Pica-Mattoccia, L. (2003) Praziquantel. Parasitol Res 90, S3–S9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clyti, E., Khéosang, P., Huerre, M., Sayasone, S., Martinez-Aussel, B., and Strobel, M. (2006) Cutaneous paragonimiasis with flare up after treatment: a clinical case from Laos. Int J Dermatol 45, 1110–1112.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Croft, S.L. (1997) The current status of antiparasite chemotherapy. Parasitology 114, S3-S15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, J.H. (1984) Changing patterns of some trematode infections in Asia. Arzneimittelforschung 34, 1224–1226.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, J., Wang, Z.Q., Wu, F., and Jin, X.X. (1998) An outbreak of paragonimiasis in Zhengzhou city, China. Acta Trop 70, 211–216.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dainichi, T., Nakahara, T., Moroi, Y., Urabe, K., Koga, T., Tanaka, M., Nawa, Y., and Furue, M. (2003) A case of cutaneous paragonimiasis with pleural effusion. Int J Dermatol 42, 699–702.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, J.P., Brindley, P.J., Knox, D.P., Brady, C.P., Hotez, P.J., Donnelly, S., O’Neill, S.M., Mulcahy, G., and Loukas, A. (2003) Helminth vaccines: from mining genomic information for vaccine targets to systems used for protein expression. Int J Parasitol 33, 621–640.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De, N.V., Murrell, K.D., Cong, L.D., Cam, P.D., Chau, L.V., Toan, N.D., and Dalsgaard, A. (2003) The food-borne trematode zoonoses of Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34 (suppl 1), 12–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeFrain, M., and Hooker, R. (2002) North American paragonimiasis—case report of a severe clinical infection. Chest 121, 1368–1372.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dekumyoy, P., Setasuban, P., Waikagul, J., Yaemput, S., and Sanguankiat, S. (1995) Human lung fluke Paragonimus heterotremus: differentiation of antigen proteins of adult worms by enzyme-linked immunoeletrotransfer blot technique. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 26, 434–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dekumyoy, P., Waikagul, J., and Eom, K.S. (1998) Human lung fluke Paragonimus heterotremus: differential diagnosis between Paragonimus heterotremusand Paragonimus westermaniinfections by EITB. Trop Med Int Health 3, 52–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Leon, W.U., and Piad, J.N.C. (2005) Paragonimiasis in the Philippines. In Arizono, N., Chai, J.Y., Nawa, Y., and Takahashi, Y., eds. Asian Parasitology Vol. 1: Food-Borne Helminthiasis in Asia (pp. 133–137). Japan: FAP Journal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doanh, P.N., Le, N.T., and The, D.T. (2005) Paragonimusand paragonimiasis in Vietnam. In Arizono, N., Chai, J.Y., Nawa, Y., and Takahashi, Y., eds. Asian Parasitology; Vol 1: Food-Borne Helminthiasis in Asia (pp. 149–153). Japan: FAP Journal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairweather, I. (2005) Triclabendazole: new skills to unravel an old(ish) enigma. J Helminthol 79, 227–234.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, J., Liu, Y., Wang, X., and Hu, P. (2003) Triclabendazole in the treatment of Paragonimiasis skrjabini. Chin J 116, 1683–1686.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grove, D.I. (1990) A History of Human Helminthology. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guevara, A., Vieira, J.C., Araujo, N., Calvopiña, M., Guderian, R.H., and Carlier, Y. (1995) Antibody isotypes, including igg subclasses, in Ecuadorian patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis. Memórias Inst Oswaldo Cruz 90, 497–502.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gyoten, J. (1994) Changes of living habits related to the infection in human paragonimiasis in Japan, based on the epidemiological data. Jpn J Parasitol 43, 462–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harinasuta, T., and Bunnag, D. (1990) Liver, lung and intestinal trematodiasis. In: Warren, K.S., and Mahmoud, A.A.F., eds. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 2nd ed (pp. 473–489). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haswell-Elkins, M.R., and Levri, E. (2003) Food-borne trematodes. In: Cook, G.C., and Zumla, A.I., eds. Manson’s Tropical Diseases, 21st ed (pp. 1473–1486). London: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heydon, G.M. (1927) Paragonimus ringeriin a New Guinea native. Med J Aus 14, 204–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong, Y.A., Joo, C.Y., and Pyun, Y.S. (1986) Infestation status of Paragonimus westermanimetacercariae in the second intermediate host in Ulchin County, Kyungpook Province. Korean J Parasitol 24, 194–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibanga, E.S., Arene, F.O.I., and Asor, J.E. (2003) Association of pulmonary Paragonimiasis with active pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Yakurr community in Cross River Basin, Nigeria. Mary Slessor J Med 3, 19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibanga, E.S., and Eyo, V.M. (2001) Pulmonary paragonimiasis in Oban community in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria: prevalence and intensity of infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95, 159–160.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T. (1998) Cystatin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunodiag-nosis of human paragonimiasis and fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59, 286–290.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T. (2001a) Effect of ionophores on in vitro excystment of Paragonimus ohiraimetacercariae. Parasitol Res 87, 343–344.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T. (2001b) Protein A immunocapture assay detecting antibodies to fluke cysteine proteinases for immunodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis and fascioliasis. J Helminthol 75, 245–249.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T. (2003) Involvement of cysteine proteinases in excystment of Paragonimus ohiraimetacercariae induced by sodium cholate and A23187. J Helminthol 77, 21–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, T. (2006) Effects of L-type Ca2? channel antagonists in in vitro excystment of Paragonimus ohiraimetacercariae induced by sodium cholate. Parasitol Res 99, 336–340.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Im, J.G., Chang, K.H., and Reeder, M.M. (1997) Current diagnostic imaging of pul-monary and cerebral paragonimiasis, with pathological correlation. Semin Roentgenol 32, 301–324.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Intapan, P.M., Wongkham, C., Imtawil, K.J., Pumidonming, W., Prasongdee, T.K., Miwa, M., and Maleewong, W. (2005) Detection of Paragonimus heterotremuseggs in experimen-tally infected cats by a polymerase chain reaction-based method. J Parasitol 91, 195–198.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, M., and Sato, S. (1990) Multi-dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sero-diagnosis of trematodiasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 21, 471–474.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwagami, M., Ho, L.Y., Su, K., Lai, P.F., Fukushima, M., Nakano, M., Blair, D., Kawashima, K., and Agatsuma, T. (2000) Molecular phylogeographic studies on Paragonimus westermaniin Asia. J Helminthol 74, 315–322.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwagami, M., Rajapakse, R.P.V.J., Paranagama, W., and Agatsuma, T. (2003) Identities of two Paragonimusspecies from Sri Lanka inferred from molecular sequences. J Helminthol 77, 239–245.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeon, K., Koh, W.J., Kim, H., Kwon, O.J., Kim, T.S., Lee, K.S., and Han, J. (2005) Clinical features of recently diagnosed pulmonary paragonimiasis in Korea. Chest 128, 1423–1430.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong, M.G., Yu, J.S., Kim, K.W., Kim, J.K., Kim, S.J., Kim, H.J., and Choi, Y.D. (1999) Retroperitoneal paragonimiasis: a case of ectopic paragonimiasis presenting as peri-ureteral masses. J Comput Assist Tomogr 23, 696–698.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X., Fan, Z., Wang, X., and Du, Y. (2000) Clinical analysis of 258 cases with Pagumogonimus skrjabiniin west of Hubei Province. Endemic Dis Bull 15, 88–90 (in Chinese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin, Y.N., Lee, J.C., Choi, I.Y., Kim, E.A., Shin, M.H., and Kim, W.K. (2006) Excretory-secretory products produced by Paragonimus westermanidifferentially regulate the nitric oxide production and viability of microglial cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 139, 16–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawanaka, M., Sugiyama, H., and Kato, K. (1999) Paragonimiasis acquired by eating boar meat: current status in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 52, 49.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keiser, J., and Utzinger, J. (2004) Chemotherapy for major food-borne trematodes: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 5, 1711–1726.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keiser, J., and Utzinger, J. (2005) Emerging foodborne trematodiasis. Emerg Infect Dis 11, 1507–1514.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keiser, J., Engels, D., Buscher, G., and Utzinger, J. (2005) Triclabendazole for the treat-ment of fascioliasis and paragonimiasis. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 14, 1513–1526.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keiser, J., Xiao, S.H., Tanner, M., and Utzinger, J. (2006) Artesunate and artemether are effective fasciolicides in the rat model and in vitro. J Antimicrobial Chemother 57, 1139–1145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J.S. (1969) Mass chemotherapy in the control of paragonimiasis. Korean J Parasitol 7, 6–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J.S., and Park, S.S. (1974) Values of intradermal test and multiple sputum examina-tions for diagnosis of paragonimiasis. Korean J Parasitol 12, 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, T.Y., Joo, I.J., Kang, S.Y., Cho, S.Y., Kong, Y., Gan, X.X., Sukomtason, K., Sukom-tason, K., and Hong, S.J. (2001) Recombinant Paragonimus westermaniyolk ferritin is a useful serodiagnostic antigen. J Infect Dis 185, 1373–1375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, T.S., Na, B.K., Park, P.H., Song, K.J., Hontzeas, N., and Song, C.Y. (2000) Cloning and expression of a cysteine proteinase gene from Paragonimus westermaniadult worms. J Parasitol 86, 333–339.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, F., and Glaubrecht, M. (2001) Toward a systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod BrotiaH. Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae): an account of species from around the South China Sea. J Molluscan Studies 67, 281–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong, Y., Ito, A., Yang, H.J., Chung, Y.B., Kasuya, S., Kobayashi, M., Liu, Y.H., and Cho, S.Y. (1998) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and IgE responses in human paragonimiases caused by three different species. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 5, 474–478.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., Tamura, K., and Nei, M. (2004) MEGA3: integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Briefings Bioinformatics 5, 150–163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroki, M., Hatabu, H., Nakata, H., Hashiguchi, N., Shimizu, T., Uchino, N., and Tamura, S. (2005) High-resolution computed tomography findings of P. westermani. J Thoracic Imag 20, 210–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le, T.H., De, N.V., Blair, D., McManus, D.P., Kino, H., and Agatsuma, T. (2006) Paragonimus heterotremusChen and Hsia (1964), in Vietnam: a molecular identifi-cation and relationships of isolates from different hosts and geographical origins. Acta Trop 98, 25–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.C., Jwo, S.C., Hwang, K.P., Lee, N., and Shieh, W.B. (1997) Discovery of encysted Paragonimus westermanieggs in the omentum of an asymptomatic elderly woman. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57, 615–618.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, E.G., Na, B.K., Bae, Y.A., Kim, S.H., Je, E.Y., Ju, J.W., Cho, S.H., Kim, T.S., Kang, S.Y., Cho, S.Y., and Kong, Y. (2006) Identification of immunodominant excretory-secretory cysteine proteases of adult Paragonimus westermaniby proteome analysis. Proteomics 6, 1290–1300.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y.S., Lin, J.X., Cheng, Y.Z., and Lin, C.X. (1999) Study on reasons and changes of infection rate in 10 epidemic areas of paragonimiasis in Fujian Province. Chin J Parasitic Dis Contr 12, 275–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., and Huang, Y. (2002) A survey of paragonimiasis in Taiwan. J Trop Med (Guangzhou), 2, 105–107 (in Chinese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, J., Hou, M., Liu, J., Zhang, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2003) Cloning and identification of the gene fragments of Paragonimus westermani. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 21, 144–146 (in Chinese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S., Wang, Y., and Cai, S. (2002) A collective infection of Paragonimus westermanicaused by entertaining at a seafood banquet. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 20, 360 (in Chinese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, S.J., Kim, J.H., Johnson, W.E., van der Welt, J., Martenson, J., Yuhki, N., Miquelle, D.G., Uphyrkina, O., Goodrich, J.M., Quigley, H.B., Tilson, R., Brady, G., Martelli, P., Subramaniam, V., McDougal, C., Hean, S., Huang, S.Q., Pan, W.S., Karanth, U.K., Sunquist, M., Smith, J.L.D., and O’Brien, S.J. (2004) Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). PLOS Biol 2, 2275–2293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahajan, R.C. (2005) Paragonimiasis: an emerging public health problem in India. Indian J Med Res 121, 716–718.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maleewong, W. (1997) Recent advances in diagnosis of paragonimiasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 28 (suppl 1), 134–138.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maleewong, W., Intapan, P.M., Wongkham, C., Wongratanacheewin, S., Tapchaisri, P., Morakote, N., and Chaicumpa, W. (1997) Detection of Paragonimus heterotremusin experimentally infected cat feces by antigen capture-ELISA and by DNA hybridization. J Parasitol 83, 1075–1078.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maleewong, W., Intapan, P.M., Wongkham, C., Pajongthanasaris, M.P., Morakote, N., and Chaicumpa, W. (1998) Indirect haemagglutination test using monoclonal antibody-affinity purified antigens for diagnosis of human paragonimiasis due to Paragonimus heterotremus. Trop Med Int Health 3, 57–59.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marty, A.M., and Neafie, R.C. (2000) Paragonimiasis. In: Meyers, W.M., Neafie, R.C., Marty, A.M., and Wear, D.J., eds. Pathology of Infectious Diseases: Vol. I—Helminthiases (pp. 49–67). Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and American Registry of Pathology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama, H., Noda, S., and Nawa, Y. (1996) Emerging problems of parasitic diseases in southern Kyushu, Japan. Jpn J Parasitol 45, 192–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama, H., Noda, S., Choi, W.Y., Ohta, N., and Nawa, Y. (1997) Fine binding speci-ficities to Ascaris suumand Ascaris lumbricoidesantigens of the sera from patients of probable visceral larval migrans due to Ascaris suum. Parasitol Int 46, 181–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, T., Kimura, S., Yamauchi, M., Nawa, Y., and Miike, T. (1998) Soluble CD23 and IL-5 levels in the serum and culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a girl with cutaneous paragonimiasis: case report. Ann Trop Paediatr 18, 49–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Min, D.Y., Lee, Y.A., Ryu, J.S., Ahn, M.H., Chung, Y.B., Sim, S., and Shin, M.H. (2004) Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of human eosinophils by the tissue-invading helminth Paragonimus westermani. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 133, 357–364.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki, I. (1991) An Illustrated Book of Helminthic Zoonoses. Tokyo: International Medical Foundation of Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki, I., and Harinasuta, T. (1966) The first case of human paragonimiasis caused by Paragonimus heterotremusChen et Hsia, 1964. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 60, 509–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki, I., Terasaki, K., and Habe, S. (1981) Comparison of single worm infection to cats between Paragonimus westermaniand P. pulmonalis. Med Bull Fukuoka Univ 8, 405–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moyou-Somo, R., and Tagni-Zukam, D. (2003) La paragonimose au Cameroun: tableaux radio-cliniques et evolution sous traitement. Med Trop 63, 163–167 (in French, English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukae, H., Taniguchi, H., Matsumoto, N., Iiboshi, H., Ashitani, J.I., Matsukura, S., and Nawa, Y. (2001) Clinicoradiologic features of pleuropulmonary Paragonimus westermanion Kyusyu Island, Japan. Chest 120, 514–520.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Na, B.K., Kim, S.H., Lee, E.G., Kim, T.S., Bae, Y.A., Kang, I., Yu, J.R., Sohn, W.M., Cho, S.Y., and Kong, Y. (2006) Critical roles for excretory-secretory cysteine proteases during tissue invasion of Paragonimus westermaninewly excysted metacercariae. Cell Microbiol 8, 1034–1046.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagakura, K., Oouchi, M., Abe, K., and Araki, K. (2002) Pulmonary paragonimiasis misdiagnosed as tuberculosis: with special references on paragonimiasis. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 27, 97–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura-Uchiyama, F., Onah, D.N., and Nawa, Y. (2001a) Clinical features of paragonimiasis cases recently found in Japan: parasite-specific immunoglobulin M and G antibody classes. Clin Infect Dis 32, e171-e175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura-Uchiyama, F., Onah, D.N., and Nawa, Y. (2001b) Clinical features and parasite-specific IgM/IgG antibodies of paragonimiasis patients recently found in Japan. South-east Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32, 55–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura-Uchiyama, F., Mukae, H., and Nawa, Y. (2002) Paragonimiasis: a Japanese perspective. Clin Chest Med 23, 409–420.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Narain, K., Devi, K.R., and Mahanta, J. (2004) Pulmonary paragonimiasis and smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: a diagnostic dilemma. Int J Tuberculosis Lung Dis 8, 621–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narain, K., Devi, K.R., and Mahanta, J. (2005) Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis. Indian J Med Res 121, 739–746.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nawa, Y. (2000) Re-emergence of paragonimiasis. Intern Med 39, 353–354.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida, H., and Shibahara, T. (2003) Epidemiology of paragonimiasis. Prog Med Parasitol Japan 8, 201–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, M.J., and Cribb, T.H. (2005) The use and implications of ribosomal DNA sequenc-ing for the discrimination of digenean species. Adv Parasitol 60, 101–163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obara, A., Nakamura-Uchiyama, F., Hiromatsu, K., and Nawa, Y. (2004) Paragonimiasis cases recently found among immigrants in Japan. Intern Med (Tokyo) 43, 388–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamoto, M., Miyake, Y., Shouji, S.I., Fujikawa, T., Tamaki, A., Takeda, Z., and Nawa, Y. (1993) A case of severe paragonimiasis miyazakii with lung and skin lesions showing massive egg production in sputum and faeces. Jpn J Parasitol 42, 429–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otsuji, Y. (2003) Paragonimiasis. Prog Med Parasitol Japan 8, 183–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, H.M., Chen, L.Z., Wang, C.Q., Yi, Z.D., Lu, D.X., Zhang, X.H., Qin, S., and Zhou, X.C. (2001) Case reports and epidemiologic investigation of paragonimiasis in the area of Three Gorges. Chin J Parasitic Dis Control 14, IV–V. (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, G.M., Im, K.I., and Yong, T.S. (2003) Phylogenetic relationship of ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial COI among diploid and triploid Paragonimus westermaniisolates. Korean J Parasitol 41, 47–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Procop, G.W., Marty, A.M., Scheck, D.N., Mease, D.R., and Maw, G.M. (2000) North American paragonimiasis—a case report. Acta Cytol 44, 75–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, R., and Cumberlidge, N. (1990) The dog as a natural reservoir host for Paragonimus uterobilateralisin Liberia, West Africa. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84, 101–102.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sajid, M., and McKerrow, J.H. (2002) Cysteine proteases of parasitic organisms. Mol Biochem Parasitol 120, 1–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schuster, H., Agada, F.O., Anderson, A.R., Jackson, R.S., Blair, D., McGann, H., and Kelly, G. (2007) Otitis media and a neck lump—current diagnostic challenges for Paragonimus-like trematode infections. J Infect 54, e103–e106.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seo, B.S. (1984) Socio-economic and cultural aspects of human trematode infections in Korea. Arzneimittel forschung 34, 1116–1118.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shibahara, T., Nishida, H., Aohagi, Y., Iwaki, T., Tsuboi, T., Torii, M., Kubo, N., Kashiwagi, A., Fukudome, H., Okamoto, M., and Yamamoto, H. (2004) Geographical distribution of the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani-diploid type (Trematoda, Troglotrematidae) in the northern part of Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Biogeography 6, 87–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin, M., and Min, D. (1999) Infection status of Paragonimus westermanimetacercariae in crayfish (Cambaroides similis) collected from Bogildo (Islet), Wando-gun, Chollanam-do, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 37, 55–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, M.H., Kita, H., Park, H.Y., and Seoh, J.Y. (2001) Cysteine protease secreted by Paragonimus westemaniattenuates effector functions of human eosinophils stimulated with immunoglobulin G. Infect Immun 69, 1599–1604.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, M.H., Seoh, J.Y., Park, H.Y., and Kita, H. (2003) Excretory-secretory products secreted by Paragonimus westermanidelay the spontaneous cell death of human eosinophils through autocrine production of GM-CSF. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 132, 48–57.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, T.S., Mutum, S.S., and Razaque, M.A. (1986) Pulmonary paragonimiasis: clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of 39 cases in Manipur. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80, 967–971.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, T.S., Singh, Y.I., and Singh, K.N. (1998) A case of paragonimiasis in a civet cat with a new Paragonimussub species in Manipur, India. Ind J Pathol Microbiol 41, 351–353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, T.N., Kananbala, S., and Devi, K.S. (2005) Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis—a report of three cases. Ind J Med Microbiol 23, 131–134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sohn, W.M., and Chai, J.Y. (2005) Infection status with helminthes in feral cats purchased from a market in Busan, Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 43, 93–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sumitani, M., Mikawa, T., Miki, Y., Nisida, K., Tochino, Y., Kamimori, T., Fujiwara, H., Fujikawa, T., and Nakamura, F. (2005) [A case of chronic pleuritis by Paragonimus westermaniinfection resistant to standard chemotherapy and cured by three additional cycles of chemotherapy]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 43, 427–431 (in Japanese).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tay, N.S.W.T., Ong, K.C., Tan, S.Y., and Kaw, G.J.L. (2005) Tuberculosis mimicry. Eur Respir J 26, 554–556.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomita, M., Ichinari, H., Matsuzaki, Y., Shibata, K., Koga, Y., Yamaguchi, R., Mukai, H., Masumoto, H., Matsukura, S., Maruyama, H., and Nawa, Y. (1996) A case of chronic pleural empyema by Paragonimus westermaniinfection resistant to chemotherapy and cured by surgical decortication. Jpn J Parasitol 45, 242–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tort, J., Brindley, P.J., Knox, D., Wolfe, K.H., and Dalton, J.P. (1999) Proteinases and associated genes of parasitic helminths. Ad Parasitol 43, 161–266.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toscano, C., Yu, S.H., Nunn, P., and Mott, K.E. (1995) Paragonimiasis and tuberculosis, diagnostic confusion: a review of the literature. Trop Dis Bull 92, R1–R26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uchiyama, F., Morimoto, Y., and Nawa, Y. (1999) Re-emergence of paragonimiasis in Kyushu, Japan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30, 686–691.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Herwerden, L., Blair, D., and Agatsuma, T. (1999) Genetic diversity in partheno-genetic triploid Paragonimus westermani. Int J Parasitol 29, 1477–1482.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vélez, I., Velásquez, L.E., and Vélez, I.D. (2003) Morphological description and life cycle of Paragonimussp (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae): causal agent of human paragonimiasis in Colombia. J Parasitol 89, 749–755.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vélez, I.D., Ortega, J., Hurtado, M.I., Salazar, A.L., Robledo, S.M., Jimenez, J.N., and Velásquez, L.E. (2000) Epidemiology of paragonimiasis in Colombia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94, 661–663.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waikagul, J., and Yaemput, S. (1999) Two AchillurbainiaMetacercariae from Mountain Crabs in Central Thailand. J Trop Med Parasitol 22, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waikagul, J., and Yoonuan, T. (2005) Paragonimusand paragonimiasis in Thailand. In Arizono, N., Chai, J.Y., Nawa, Y., and Takahashi, Y., eds. Asian Parasitology; Vol 1: Food-Borne Helminthiasis in Asia (pp. 139–148). Japan: FAP Journal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waikagul, J., Lazo, R., Cornejo, E., Lazo, M., Llaguno, M., Barrezueta, J., Llaguno, M., Botta, M., Yoonuan, T., and Akahane, H. (2003) Paragonimusinfection in Pedernales, Ecuador. Bull Central Res Inst Fukuoka Univ Series E Interdisc Sci 1, 259–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z.Q., Cui, J., Mao, F.R., Ling, X.M., Jin, X.X., and Wu, F. (1998) Epidemiological study of paragonimosis in central China. Helminthologia 35, 117–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C.R., Qiu, J.H., Zhao, J.P., Xu, L.M., Yu, W.C., and Zhu, X.Q. (2006) Prevalence of helminthes in adult dogs in Heilongjiang Province, the People’s Republic of China. Parasitol Res 99, 627–630.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wongkham, C., Intapan, P.M., Maleewong, W., and Miwa, M. (2005) Evaluation of human IgG subclass antibodies in the serodiagnosis of paragonimiasis heterotremus. Asian Pacific J Allergy Immunol 23, 205–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1995) Control of Foodborne Trematode Infections. (Technical Report Series No. 849). Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2004) Report on Joint WHO/FAO Workshop on Foodborne Trematode Infections in Asia. (Held in Hanoi, Viet Nam from 26–28 November 2002.) Report Series Number: RS/2002/GE/40(VTN). Manila: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, Q., Yan, T., Zhou, X., Li, Y., Zhu, C., Shi, L., Ma, X., and Hu, N. (2004) Epidemio-logical survey on the infection of Paragonimus westermaniin Jiangxi Province. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 22, 250–252 (in Chinese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J.S., Chen, M.G., Feng, Z., and Blair, D. (2000) Paragonimusand paragonimiasis in China: a review of the literature. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis Special Issue, 1–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokogawa, M. (1965) Paragonimusand paragonimiasis. Adv Parasitol 3, 99–158.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yokogawa, S., Cort, W., and Yokogawa, M. (1960) Paragonimusand paragonimiasis. Exp Parasitol 10, 81–137,139–205.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo, I.R., Park, H.J., O, J.H., Chung, Y.A., Sohn, H.S., Chung, S.K., and Kim, S.H. (2006) Two cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis on FDG-PET CT imaging. Ann Nucl Med 20, 311–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa, M., Ouji, Y., Moriya, K., Saito, K., Ishizaka, S., Sakurai, M., Morii, T., Fukuoka, A., Hamada, K., Kimura, H., Takamure, M., Tonomura, Y., Yakura, H., Kataoka, H., Ueno, S., Nakamura-Uchiyama, F., Hiromatsu, K., and Nawa, Y. (2005) Immunopositivity for Trichinella spiralispresented in a case of Paragonimiasis westermani—suspected infection by ingestion of raw bear meat. J Nara Med Assoc 56, 253–259 (in Japanese, English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yun, D.H., Chung, J.Y., Chung, Y.B., Bahk, Y.Y., Kang, S.Y., Kong, Y., and Cho, S.Y. (2000) Structural and immunological characteristics of a 28-kilodalton cruzipain-like cysteine protease of Paragonimus westermaniexpressed in the definitive host stage. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 7, 932–939.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X.L., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, G.G., Huang, Z.G., Huang, Y., Li, J., Qin, Q., Xiao, J., and Chen. C. (2002) Effects of variation in ecological environment of the Three Gorges reservoir areas on the epidemic of paragonimiasis. Chin J Parasitic Dis Control 15, 30–32. (in Chinese, English abstract).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, L., Dong, C., Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., Piessens, W.F., Zhang, Z.H., Zhang, Y.J., Liu, L.T., Dong, C.X., Zhang, Y.Q., and Wu, Z.Y. (1996) Antigen detection assay to monitor the efficacy of praziquantel for treatment of Paragonimus westermaniinfections. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90, 43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, H.L., He, L.Y., Xu, Z.B., and Cao, W.J. (1981) Recent progress in studies of Paragonimusand paragonimiasis control in China. Chin Med J 94, 483–494.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blair, D., Agatsuma, T., Wang, W. (2007). Paragonimiasis. In: Murrell, K.D., Fried, B. (eds) Food-Borne Parasitic Zoonoses. World Class Parasites, vol 11. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71358-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics