Abstract
The field of nanotechnology represents an exciting and rapidly expanding research area that crosses the borders between the physical, life and engineering sciences [1, 2]. Much of the excitement in this area of research has arisen from recognition that new phenomena and unprecedented integration density are possible with nanometer scale structures. Correspondingly, these ideas have driven scientists to develop methods for making nanostructures. In general, there are two philosophically distinct approaches for creating small objects, which can be characterized as top-down and bottom-up. In the top-down approach, small features are patterned in bulk materials by a combination of lithography, etching and deposition to form functional devices. The top-down approach has been exceedingly successful in many venues with microelectronics being perhaps the best example today. While developments continue to push the resolution limits of the top-down approach, these improvements in resolution are associated with a near exponential increase in cost associated with each new level manufacturing facility. This economic limitation and other scientific issues with the top-down approach have motivated efforts worldwide to search for new strategies to meet the demand for nanoscale structures today and in the future [3–5].
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Cui, Y., Duan, X., Huang, Y., Lieber, C.M. (2003). Nanowires as Building Blocks for Nanoscale Science and Technology. In: Wang, Z.L. (eds) Nanowires and Nanobelts. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28745-4_1
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