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Echinostomes in the second intermediate host

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The Biology of Echinostomes

Abstract

Echinostomes have a wide range of both invertebrate and vertebrate second intermediate hosts. The most studied hosts are molluskan, particularly the gastropods and bivalves; next most studied hosts are the amphibians, particularly tadpoles and frogs. The encysted metacercaria or cyst is the dominant stage in the second intermediate host of echinostomes. This cyst is usually formed in or on tissues of the involved invertebrate or vertebrate second intermediate hosts. In gastropods the preferred site for encystment is usually the kidney or pericardium. In anurans the preferred site is often the kidney or the limb buds in echinostome-like forms such as Ribieroia sp. This chapter reviews the biology, development, distinguishing morphological characteristics, site selection, behavioral changes in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts, pathology, and the effects of pesticides, herbicides, and marinades on the metacercariae of the Echinostomatidae.

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    Keeler, S.P., Huffman*, J.E. (2009). Echinostomes in the second intermediate host. In: Toledo, R., Fried, B. (eds) The Biology of Echinostomes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09577-6_3

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