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Genetics, Evolution, and the Zoonotic Capacity of European Swine Influenza Viruses

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Swine Influenza

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 370))

Abstract

The European swine influenza virus lineage differs genetically from the classical swine influenza viruses and the triple reassortants found in North America and Asia. The avian-like swine H1N1 viruses emerged in 1979 after an avian-to-swine transmission and spread to all major European pig-producing countries. Reassortment of these viruses with seasonal H3N2 viruses led to human-like swine H3N2 viruses which appeared in 1984. Finally, human-like swine H1N2 viruses emerged in 1994. These are triple reassortants comprising genes of avian-like H1N1, seasonal H1N1, and seasonal H3N2 viruses. All three subtypes established persistent infection chains and became prevalent in the European pig population. They successively replaced the circulating classical swine H1N1 viruses of that time and gave rise to a number of reassortant viruses including the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. All three European lineages have the capacity to infect humans but zoonotic infections are benign.

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  1. Christoph Scholtissek

    Present address: , Waldstr. 53, D-35440, Linden, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology and Antiviral Therapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740, Jena, Germany

    Roland Zell

  2. Institute of Virology, Justus- Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Christoph Scholtissek

  3. Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms University, D-48161, Münster, Germany

    Stephan Ludwig

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  1. Roland Zell
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  2. Christoph Scholtissek
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  3. Stephan Ludwig
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Correspondence to Stephan Ludwig .

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  1. Science and Techn. Ctr. of Excellence, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall K-224B, Manhattan, 66506-5601, Kansas, USA

    Jürgen A. Richt

  2. Dept. Infectious Diseases (ID), Div. Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, N. Lauderdale St. 332, Memphis, 38105, Tennessee, USA

    Richard J. Webby

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Zell, R., Scholtissek, C., Ludwig, S. (2012). Genetics, Evolution, and the Zoonotic Capacity of European Swine Influenza Viruses. In: Richt, J., Webby, R. (eds) Swine Influenza. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 370. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2012_267

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