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Animal Models of Tinnitus Treatment: Cochlear and Brain Stimulation

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The Behavioral Neuroscience of Tinnitus

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 51))

Abstract

Neuromodulation, via stimulation of a variety of peripheral and central structures, is used to suppress tinnitus. However, investigative limitations in humans due to ethical reasons have made it difficult to decipher the mechanisms underlying treatment-induced tinnitus relief, so a number of animal models have arisen to address these unknowns. This chapter reviews animal models of cochlear and brain stimulation and assesses their modulatory effects on behavioral evidence of tinnitus and its related neural correlates. When a structure is stimulated, localized modulation, often presenting as downregulation of spontaneous neuronal spike firing rate, bursting and neurosynchrony, occurs within the brain area. Through anatomical projections and transmitter pathways, the interventions activate both auditory- and non-auditory structures by taking bottom-up ascending and top-down descending modes to influence their target brain structures. Furthermore, it is the brain oscillations that cochlear or brain stimulation evoke and connect the prefrontal cortex, striatal systems, and other limbic structures to refresh neural networks and relieve auditory, attentive, conscious, as well as emotional reactive aspects of tinnitus. This oscillatory neural network connectivity is achieved via the thalamocorticothalamic circuitry including the lemniscal and non-lemniscal auditory brain structures. Beyond existing technologies, the review also reveals opportunities for developing advanced animal models using new modalities to achieve precision neuromodulation and tinnitus abatement, such as optogenetic cochlear and/or brain stimulation.

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Abbreviations

ABI:

Auditory brainstem implant

AC:

Auditory cortex

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

ACES:

Auditory cortex electrical stimulation

AMI:

Auditory midbrain implant

BDNF:

Brain derived neurotrophic factor

CBT:

Cognitive behavioral therapy

CES:

Cochlear electrical stimulation

CFC:

Cross-frequency coupling

CI:

Cochlear implant

CIC:

Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus

DBS:

Deep brain stimulation

DCIC:

Dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus

DCN:

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

dlPFC:

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

dMGB:

Dorsal subdivision of the medial geniculate body

ECIC:

External cortex of the inferior colliculus

ECS:

Epi-cranial electrical stimulation

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

FLS:

Fronto-limbic-striatal

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GAD:

Glutamate decarboxylase

GPIAS:

Gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

HPC:

Hippocampus

IC:

Inferior colliculus

LFP:

Local field potential

MDT:

Mediodorsal thalamus

MGB:

Medial geniculate body

mMGB:

Medial subdivision of the medial geniculate body

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NAc:

Nucleus accumbens

NF2:

Neurofibromatosis type II

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

rTMS:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

SFR:

Spontaneous firing rate

SGN:

Spiral ganglion neuron

SR:

Stochastic resonance

STN:

Subthalamic nucleus

tACS:

Transcranial alternate current stimulation

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

TCD:

Thalamocortical dysrhythmias

TCT:

Thalamocorticothalamic

tDCS:

Transcranial direct current stimulation

TES:

Transcranial electrical stimulation

TMS:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

TRN:

Thalamic reticular nucleus

tRNS:

Random-noise stimulation

vMGB:

Ventral subdivision of the medial geniculate body

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the NIH/NIDCD R21DC014335-01, 1R21 DC010059-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA

    Jinsheng Zhang, Ethan Firestone & Ahmed Elattma

  2. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA

    Jinsheng Zhang

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  1. Jinsheng Zhang
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  2. Ethan Firestone
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  3. Ahmed Elattma
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Correspondence to Jinsheng Zhang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Grant D. Searchfield

  2. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck and Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    Jinsheng Zhang

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Zhang, J., Firestone, E., Elattma, A. (2021). Animal Models of Tinnitus Treatment: Cochlear and Brain Stimulation. In: Searchfield, G.D., Zhang, J. (eds) The Behavioral Neuroscience of Tinnitus. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 51. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2021_227

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