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Structural, Functional and Spectroscopic MRI Studies of Methamphetamine Addiction

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Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 11))

Abstract

This chapter reviews selected neuroimaging findings related to long-term amphetamine and methamphetamine (MA) use. An overview of structural and functional (fMRI) MR studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies conducted in long-term MA abusers is presented. The focus of this chapter is to present the relevant studies as tools to understand brain changes following drug abstinence and recovery from addiction. The behavioral relevance of these neuroimaging studies is discussed as they relate to clinical symptoms and treatment. Within each imaging section this chapter includes a discussion of the relevant imaging studies as they relate to patterns of drug use (i.e., duration of MA use, cumulative lifetime dose and time MA abstinent) as well as an overview of studies that link the imaging findings to cognitive measures. In our conclusion we discuss some of the future directions of neuroimaging as it relates to the pathophysiology of addiction.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

Serotonin

AC:

Anterior commissure

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

ADC:

Apparent diffusion coefficient

BDI:

Beck Depression Inventory

BOLD:

Blood-oxygen-level dependence

BPRS:

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

BSI:

Brief Symptom Inventory

C:

Coherence index

CC:

Corpus callosum

Cho:

Choline

Cr:

Creatine

CSF:

Cerebral spinal fluid

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DD:

Delay discounting

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

FA:

Fractional anisotropy

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Glu:

Glutamate

GM:

Gray matter

GLX:

Glutamate + Glutamine

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

MA:

Methamphetamine

mI:

Myo-inositol

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

NAA:

N-acetyl aspartate

NAc:

Nucleus accumbens

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OFC:

Orbital frontal cortex

PC:

Posterior commissure

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

PCr:

Phosphocreatine

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PVC:

Primary visual cortex

ROI:

Region of interest

RT:

Reaction time

SCID:

Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV

SCL-90:

Symptom checklist-90

SERT:

Serotonin transporter

VBM:

Voxel-based morphometry

VMAT:

Vesicular monoamine transporter

WCST:

Wisconsin card sort test

WM:

White matter

WURS:

Wender Utah Rating Scale

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Michael Buonocore, MD, PhD for his help with figures for this chapter.

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  1. UC Davis Imaging Research Center, 4701 X Street, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Ruth Salo & Catherine Fassbender

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  1. Ruth Salo
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  2. Catherine Fassbender
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Correspondence to Ruth Salo .

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  1. , UC Davis Imaging Center, University of California at Davis, X Street 4701, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA

    Cameron S. Carter

  2. , Dep of Experimental Psychology/Dep of Ps, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom

    Jeffrey W. Dalley

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Salo, R., Fassbender, C. (2011). Structural, Functional and Spectroscopic MRI Studies of Methamphetamine Addiction. In: Carter, C., Dalley, J. (eds) Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_172

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