Abstract
To date, several stem cell labeling protocols have been developed, contributing to a fast growing and promising field of stem cell imaging by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Most of these methods utilize iron oxide nanoparticles (MION, SPIO, USPIO, VSIOP) for cell labeling, which provide negative (dark) signal effects on T2-weighted MR images. The following protocol describes stem cell labeling techniques with commercially available gadolinium chelates, which provide positive contrast on T1-weighted MR images, which can be advantageous for specific applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Yuan L, Sakamoto N, Song G, Sato M (2012) Migration of human mesenchymal stem cells under low shear stress mediated by MAPK signaling. Stem Cells Dev 21(13):2520–2530
Berman SM, Walczak P, Bulte JW (2011) MRI of transplanted neural stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 711:435–449
Biancone L, Crich SG, Cantaluppi V et al (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging of gadolinium-labeled pancreatic islets for experimental transplantation. NMR Biomed 20:40–48
Modo M, Meade TJ, Mitry RR (2009) Liver cell labelling with MRI contrast agents. Methods Mol Biol 481:207–219
Sykova E, Jendelova P, Herynek V (2011) Magnetic resonance imaging of stem cell migration. Methods Mol Biol 750:79–90
Kedziorek DA, Kraitchman DL (2010) Superparamagnetic iron oxide labeling of stem cells for MRI tracking and delivery in cardiovascular disease. Methods Mol Biol 660:171–183
Hedlund A, Ahren M, Gustafsson H et al (2011) Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement. Int J Nanomedicine 6:3233–3240
Kraitchman DL, Kedziorek DA, Bulte JW (2011) MR imaging of transplanted stem cells in myocardial infarction. Methods Mol Biol 680:141–152
Major JL, Meade TJ (2009) Bioresponsive, cell-penetrating, and multimeric MR contrast agents. Acc Chem Res 42:893–903
Caravan P (2006) Strategies for increasing the sensitivity of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents. Chem Soc Rev 35:512–523
Villaraza AJ, Bumb A, Brechbiel MW (2010) Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics. Chem Rev 110:2921–2959
Tweedle MF (1997) The ProHance story: the making of a novel MRI contrast agent. Eur Radiol 7(5):225–230
Henning TD, Saborowski O, Golovko D et al (2007) Cell labeling with the positive MR contrast agent Gadofluorine M. Eur Radiol 17:1226–1234
Henning TD, Wendland MF, Golovko D et al (2009) Relaxation effects of ferucarbotran-labeled mesenchymal stem cells at 1.5 T and 3 T: discrimination of viable from lysed cells. Magn Reson Med 62:325–332
Henning TD, Gawande R, Khurana A et al (2012) MR imaging of ferumoxides labeled mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage defects: in vitro and in vivo investigations. Mol Imaging 11(3):197–209
Nejadnik H, Henning TD, Boddington S et al (2012) Somatic differentiation and MR imaging of magnetically labeled human embryonic stem cells. Cell Transplant 21(12):2555–2567
Rudelius M, Daldrup-Link HE, Heinzmann U et al (2003) Highly efficient paramagnetic labelling of embryonic and neuronal stem cells. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30:1038–1044
Nejadnik H, Henning TD, Thuy D et al (2012) MR imaging features of gadofluorine-labeled matrix-associated stem cell implants in cartilage defects. PLoS One 7(12):e49971
Daldrup-Link HE, Rudelius M, Oostendorp RA et al (2003) Targeting of hematopoietic progenitor cells with MR contrast agents. Radiology 228:760–767
Felgner PL, Gadek TR, Holm M et al (1987) Lipofection: a highly efficient, lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84:7413–7417
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Nejadnik, H., Castillo, R., Daldrup-Link, H.E. (2013). Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tracking of Stem Cells. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Imaging and Tracking Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1052. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2013_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2013_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-558-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-559-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols