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Regenerative Medicine Perspectives in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1341))

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecologic endocrine disorder in women between the ages of 15 and 40, with uncertain etiology. It is mostly presented with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance along with a variety of comorbidities that significantly reduce a patient’s quality of life. Many disturbed metabolic pathways are correlated with PCOS. Moreover, it is evident that there is a strong genetic factor for PCOS. Indeed, several altered gene expressions have been found in PCOS subjects, but the exact genetic origins are still unclear. The major treatment options such as pharmacological treatments are to improve the symptoms. In addition, surgical procedures (Bariatric surgery and assisted reproductive technologies) can be used to treat some of the patient’s complications and reduce their severity. Generally, using pharmacological agents for a long period of time can increase the risk of adverse effects. Moreover, surgical options may have high-risk consequences. Herein, there is an undeniable need for a different multidisciplinary approach to PCOS. Regenerative medicine with the help of stem cells can develop a worthy alternative approach for the treatment of PCOS. Furthermore, animal models can provide valuable knowledge of genetic alterations and metabolic pathway disturbances in PCOS. They can also be used for testing novel treatments in pre-clinical stages. Therein, the current knowledge of PCOS and investigation about the potential role of regenerative medicine in developing new and more efficient treatments for PCOS are summarized here.

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Abbreviations

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

AE-PCOS:

Androgen-excess-PCOS society

AMH:

Antimullerian hormone

AR:

Androgen receptor

ArKO:

Aromatase knockout

ASCs:

Adipose stem cells

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

BMI:

Body mass index

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

BMSC:

Bone marrow stem cell

BPA:

Bisphenol A

COCP:

Combined oral contraceptive pills

CRH:

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

DEHP:

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

DGE:

Differential gene expression

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone

DHEAS:

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

DHT:

Dihydrotestosterone

EB:

Estradiol benzoate

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

EV:

Estradiol valerate

FAH:

Functional adrenal hyperandrogenism

FSH:

Follicle stimulating hormone

GnRH:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Gsdf:

Gonadal soma derived factor

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

hESCs:

Human embryonic stem cells

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

hUC-MSCs:

Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

ICSI:

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

IL-6,8:

Interlukin 6,8

iPCSs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

IUI:

Artificial insemination

IVF:

In vitro fertilization

IVM:

Immature oocyte in vitro

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

MCR:

Metabolic clearance rate

MDS:

Meyelodysplastic syndrome

NC-CAH:

Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NZO/HILt:

New Zealand obese mice

OHSS:

Ovarian hypersensitivity syndrome

PCO:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

PCOM:

Polycystic ovarian morphology

POF:

Premature ovarian failure

POI:

Primary ovarian insufficiency

PORs:

Poor ovarian responders

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

SCID:

Severe combined immunodeficient

T reg:

Regulatory T cells

TBT:

Tributyltin

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein 1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WAT:

White adipose tissue

ZFP423:

Zinc finger protein 423

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand, Najmeh Foroughi Heravani, Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam & Hamid Reza Aghayan

  2. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand, Setareh Alaei & Moloud Payab

  3. Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahbube Ebrahimpour

  4. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi

  5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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  1. Babak Arjmand
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    Kursad Turksen

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Arjmand, B. et al. (2021). Regenerative Medicine Perspectives in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1341. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_623

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