Abstract
We propose here a new approach to study co-evolution and we apply it to the well-known iterated prisoner's dilemma. The originality of our work is that it uses a simplified version of the game, and thus, restrict the search space of evolutionary dynamics. This allows to have a look at the totality of the search space in permanence, and so, a complete understanding of the phenomenon of co-evolution in process. The paper includes a little game-theoretic introduction to iterated prisoner's dilemma, a survey of previous works on evolution in this game and the exposition of the questions that were still asked to us. We describe then our special approach to the problem, using populations larger than the search space, or even infinite. The experimental results that we present complete the actual knowledge of iterated prisoner's dilemma.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aumann R. J. and Hart S.: Handbook of Game Theory, North Holland, 1992.
Axelrod R.: Effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma game, J. Conflict Resolution, vol. 24, pp. 3–25, 1980.
Axelrod R.: The Evolution of Cooperation, Basic Books, New York, 1984.
Axelrod R.: The evolution of strategies in the iterated prisoner's dilemma, in Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing, R. Davis ed., Pitman, London, 1987.
Bäck T.: Self-adaptation in genetic algorithms, Towards a practice of autonomous systems: Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Artificial Life, F. Varela and P. Bourgine eds., MIT press, Cambridge, pp. 263–271, 1992.
Bäck T. and Hoffmeister F.: Extended selection mechanisms in genetic algorithms, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and their Applications, R.K. Belew and L.B. Booker eds., Morgan Kaufmann, San Diego, pp. 92–99, 1991.
Bäck T. and Schwefel H.P.: An overview of evolutionary algorithms for parameter optimization, Evolutionary Computation, vol. 1, pp.1–23, 1993.
Baefsky P. and Berge S.E.: Self-sacrifice, cooperation and aggression in women and varying sex-role orientation, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 1, pp. 296–298, 1974.
Bethlehem D.W.: The effect of westernization on cooperative behaviour in Central Africa, Int. J. Psychology, vol. 10, pp. 219–224, 1975.
Boyd R. and Loberbaum J.P.: No pure strategy is evolutionarily stable in the repeated prisoner's dilemma game, Nature, vol. 327, pp. 58–59, 1987.
Feistel R. and Ebeling W.: Evolution of Complex Systems: self-organisation, entropy and development, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989.
Fogel D.B.: Evolving behaviours in the iterated prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary Computation, vol. 1, pp.77–97, 1993.
Gacôgne L.: Apprentissage génétique d'une extension flou du dilemme itéré du prisonnier, Rapport n. 94/15, LAFORIA, Université Paris 5, Paris, 1994.
Goldberg D.E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison Wesley, Reading, 1989.
Herdy M.: Application of Evolutionsstrategie to discrete optimization problems, in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 1st workshop, H.P. Schwefel and R. Männer eds., Springer, pp. 188–192, 1991.
Hoffmeister F. and Bäck T.: Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies: similarities and differences, in Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 1st workshop, H.P. Schwefel and R. Männer eds., Springer, pp. 455–469, 1991.
Holland J.: Adaptation in natural and artificial systems, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan press, Cambridge, 1975.
Lindgren K. and Nordal M.G.: Cooperation and community structure in artificial ecosystem, Artificial Life, vol. 1, pp. 15–37, 1994.
Luce R. and Raiffa H.: Games and Decisions, John Wiley and sons, New York, 1957.
Maynard-Smith J.: Evolution and the Theory of Game, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1975.
Mühlenbein H.: Darwin's continent cycle theory and its simulation by the Prisoner's Dilemma, in Towards a practice of autonomous systems: Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Artificial Life, P. Bourgine and F. Varela eds., MIT press, Bradford Books, pp. 236–244, 1992.
Riker W. and Brams J.S.: The paradox of vote trading, American Political Science Review, vol. 67, pp. 1235–1247, 1973.
Schelling C.T.: The Strategy of Conflicts, Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1960.
Rechenberg I.: Evolutionsstrategie: Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution, Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart, 1973.
Schwefel H.P.: Numerische Optimierung von Computer-Modellen mittels der Evolutionsstrategie, Interdisciplinary Systems Research, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1977.
Schwefel H.P.: Numerical optimization of computer models, John Wiley and sons, New York, 1981.
Werner G. and Dyer M.: Evolution of communication in artificial organisms, in Artificial Life 2, Addison Wesley, pp. 659–687, 1991.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Meuleau, N., Lattaud, C. (1996). The artificial evolution of cooperation. In: Alliot, JM., Lutton, E., Ronald, E., Schoenauer, M., Snyers, D. (eds) Artificial Evolution. AE 1995. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1063. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61108-8_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61108-8_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61108-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49948-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive