Skip to main content

Luminous Blue Variables

  • III. Stellar Winds and Massive Stars
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Atmospheres of Early-Type Stars

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 401))

Abstract

Properties of Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are reviewed. We focus on the relationship of LBVs to other emission line stars (e.g. Ofpe/WN stars, B[e] stars), noting the overlap in properties that occur between the different classes. The importance of the peculiar Hubble-Sandage ‘Var A’ in M33 is emphasized. We highlight evidence that suggests that not all LBVs undergo a dramatic increase in mass loss during the LBV outburst. Recent results achieved in modeling of LBV spectra are discussed: Model ionization structures, and model profiles are presented to emphasize the complex radiative transfer effects occurring in LBV stellar winds. Finally, new results concerning the infamous LBV Eta Carinae, and its associated Homunculus, are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, W.S., Merrill, P.W., 1957, ApJ 125,102

    Google Scholar 

  • Andriesse, C.D., Donn, B.D., Viotti, R., 1978, MNRAS 185, 771

    Google Scholar 

  • Appenzeller, I., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 195

    Google Scholar 

  • Appenzeller, L, Wolf, B., 1981, in: The Most massive Stars, ESO Workshop, eds. S. D'Odorico, D. Baade, and K. Kjiir, p131

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohannan, B., Walborn, N.R, 1989, PASP 101, 520

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, P.S., 1984, in: IAU Symp. 105, Observational Tests of the Stellar Evolution Theory, eds A. Maeder, A. Renzini, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p.233

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, K., 1987, ApJ 317, 760

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, K, Dufour, R.J., Walborn, N.R., Gull, T.R., 1986, ApJ 305, 867

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, K., Moffat, A.F.J., Lamers, H.J.G.L.M. (eds.) 1989, IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, Kluwer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, K, Walborn, N.R., Gull, T.R., 1982, ApJ 254, L47

    Google Scholar 

  • Drew, J.E, 1985, MNRAS 217, 867

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabler, R., Gabler, A., Kudritzki, R.P., Puls, J., Pauldrach, A., 1989, A&A 226, 162

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, J.S., Kenyon, S.J., Hege, E.K., 1981, ApJ 249, 83

    Google Scholar 

  • de Groot, M., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 257

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamann. W-.R, Wessolowski, U., 1990, A&A 227, 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, D.P., 1985, ApJ 289, 726

    Google Scholar 

  • Hester, J.J., Light, R.M., Westphal, J.A., Currie, D.G., Groth, E.J., Holtzman, J.A., Lauer, T.R., O'neil, E.J. Jr., 1991, AJ 102, 654

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, D.J., 1990, A&A 231, 116

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, D.J., Allen, D.A., 1991, submitted to A&A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier D.J., McGregor P.J., Hyland A.R., 1988, Mass Outflows from Stars and Galactic Nuclei, eds. L. Bianchi and R. Gilmozzi, Kluver, Dordrecht, p. 215

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, K.-H., Weigelt, G., 1988, A&A 203, L21

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, J.Y., de Winter, D., Thé. P.S., Pérez, M.R., 1990, A&A 227, L17

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubble, E., Sandage, A., 1953, ApJ 118, 353

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, R.M., 1975, ApJ 200, 426

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, R.M., 1978, ApJ 219, 445

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, R.M., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, R.M., Davidson, K., 1979, ApJ 232, 409

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, R.M., Jones, T.J., and Gerhz, R.D., 1987, AJ 94, 315

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutsemékers, D., Van Droom E., 1991, A&A 248, 141

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, F.D., 1983, in: IAU Symp. 103, Planetary Nebulae, ed D.R. Flower, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 305

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenyon, S.J., Gallagher, J.S., 1985, ApJ 290, 542

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolka I., 1983, Publ. Academy. of Sci. Estonian SSR 32, 51

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, S., 1983, in: IAU Symp. 103, Planetary Nebulae, ed D.R. Flower, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 293

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., 1987, in Instabilities in Luminous Early Type Stars, eds. H.J.G.L.M. Lamers and C.W.H. de Loore (Reidel), p 99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 135

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Hoekzema, N., Trams, N.R., Cassatella, A., Barylak, M., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer,. Dordrecht, p. 271

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Appenzeller, I., Klare, G., Lamers, H.J.G.L.M., Stahl. O., Waters, L.B.F.M., Wolf, B., 1985, A&A 153, 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Schmutz, W., Abbott, D.C.:, Hamann W.-R., Wessolowski, U., 1989, ApJ 346, 919

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitherer, C., Schmutz, W., Abbott, D.C:, Torres-Dodgen, A.V., Hamann W.-R., Wessolowski, U., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 285

    Google Scholar 

  • McGregor, P.J., in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 165

    Google Scholar 

  • McGregor, P.J., Hyland, A.R., Hillier, D.J., 1988, ApJ 324, 1071

    Google Scholar 

  • McGregor, P.J., Hillier, D.J., Hyland, A.R., 1988, ApJ 334, 639

    Google Scholar 

  • Owocki, S, 1991, this volume

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauldrach, A.W.A, Puls, J., 1990, A&A 237, 409

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosino, L., Bianchini, A, 1973, A&A 22, 453

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E., Nordsieck, K.H., Nook, M.A., Magalhães, A.M., Taylor, M., Bjorkman, K.S., Anderson, C.M., 1990, ApJ 365, L19

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E. Nordsieck, K.H., Taylor, M., Bjorkman, K.S., Magalhães, A.M., Wolff, M.J., 1991, ApJ (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmutz, W, Leitherer, C., Hubeny, I., Vogel, N., Hamann, W-R, Wessolowski, U., 1991, ApJ 372, 664

    Google Scholar 

  • Shore, S.N., 1991, in Proceedings of Variable and Non-Spherically Symmetric Outflows from Stars, eds. L. Drissen, C. Leitherer, A. Nota. (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, O., 1986, A&A 164, 321

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Klare, G., Cassatella, A., Krautter, J., Persi, P., Ferrari-Toniolo, M., 1983, A&A 127, 49

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Zickgraf, F.J., 1987, A&A 184, 193

    Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Klare, G., Jiittner, A., Cassatella, A., 1990 A&A, 228, 379

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterken, C., Gosset, E., Jütner, A., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Axer, M., 1991, A&A 247, 383

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, M., Nordsieck, K.H., Schulte-Ladbeck, R.E., Bjorkman, K.S., 1991, AJ 102, 1197

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren-Smith, R.F., Scarrott, S.M., Murdin, P., Bingham, R.G., 1979, MNRAS 187, 761

    Google Scholar 

  • Walborn, N.R., 1977, ApJ 215, 53

    Google Scholar 

  • Walborn, N.R., 1976, ApJ 204, L17

    Google Scholar 

  • Walborn, N.R., 1984, in: IAU Symp. 108, Structure and Evolution of the Magellanic Clouds, eds. S. van den Bergh, K.S. de Boer, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 239

    Google Scholar 

  • Walborn, N.R., Blanco, B.M., and Thackeray, A.D., 1978, ApJ 219, 498

    Google Scholar 

  • Walborn, N.R., Liller, M.H., 1977, ApJ 211, 181

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitelock, P.A., Carter, B.S., Roberts, G., Whittet, D.C.B., Baines, D.W.T., 1983, MNRAS 205, 577

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitelock, P.A., Feast, M.W, Roberts, G., Carter, B.S., Catchpole, R.M., 1983, MNRAS 205, 1207

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, B., 1989, in: IAU Col. 113, Physics of Luminous Blue Variables, eds. K. Davidson, A.F.J. Moffat, H.J.G.L.M. Lamers, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 91

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, B., Appenzeller, I, Stahl, O., 1981, A&A 103, 94

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, B., Stahl, O., 1982, A&A 112, 111

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, B., Stahl, O., de Groot, M.J.H., Sterken, C., 1981, A&A 99, 351

    Google Scholar 

  • Zickgraf, F.-J., Wolf, B., Stahl, O., Leitherer, C., Klare, G., 1985, A&A 143, 421

    Google Scholar 

  • Zickgraf, F.-J., Wolf, B., Stahl, O., Leitherer, C., Appenzeller, I., 1986, A&A 163, 119

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

U. Heber C. Simon Jeffery

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hillier, D.J. (1992). Luminous Blue Variables. In: Heber, U., Jeffery, C.S. (eds) The Atmospheres of Early-Type Stars. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 401. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55256-1_288

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55256-1_288

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55256-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46997-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics