Skip to main content

A Multi-agent Reflective Architecture for User Assistance and Its Application to E-commerce

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Cooperative Information Agents VI (CIA 2002)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 2446))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Assisting an user working with an application can involve several tasks of a different nature; thus it can be a complex job which is better performed by several autonomous agents. Accordingly, in many scenarios, several small assistant agents, each dedicated to a single task, are employed to supply help and to enhance the same application. This paper proposes a software architecture that allows multiple assistants to serve the same application and interact with each other as necessary, while working autonomously from each other. This architecture interfaces assistants with an existing application by means of computational reflection. The latter mechanism allows meaningful user activities to be intercepted by assistants, and the outcomes of their activity to be supplied to the application. No assumptions need to be made about the application or the assistants; assistants can be changed, added and removed as necessary to adapt the application to unforeseen scenarios, conversely an assistant can be employed to support several applications. The usefulness and applicability of the proposed architecture is demonstrated by an e-commerce case study: we show how a suitable assistant set can integrate with and enhance a bare web browser, making it fit to support e-commerce activities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Cabri, L. Leonardi, and F. Zambonelli. Mobile-Agent Coordination Models for Internet Applications. IEEE Computer, 33(2):82–89, February 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Chiba. A Metaobject Protocol for C++. In Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA’ 95), pages 285–299, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Chiba. Load-time Structural Reflection in Java. In Proceedings of the ECOOP 2000, volume 1850 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Di Stefano, G. Pappalardo, C. Santoro, and E. Tramontana. Extending Applications using Reflective Assistant Agents. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (Compsac’02), Oxford, UK, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. Di Stefano, G. Pappalardo, and E. Tramontana. Introducing Distribution into Applications: a Reflective Approach for Transparency and Dynamic Fine-Grained Object Allocation. In Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC’02), Taormina, Italy, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Di Stefano and C. Santoro. NetChaser: Agent Support for Personal Mobility. IEEE Internet Computing, 4(2):74–79, March/April 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D. W. Embley, D. M. Campbell, Y. S. Jiang, S. W. Liddle, Y.-K. Ng, D. Quass, and R. D. Smith. Conceptual-Model-Based Data Extraction from Multiple-Record Web Pages. Data Knowledge Engineering, 31(3):227–251, 1999.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Ferber. Computational Reflection in Class Based Object Oriented Languages. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA’89), volume 24 of Sigplan Notices, pages 317–326, New York, NY, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  9. E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and R. Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley. Reading, MA, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Goodman. Danny Goodman’s AppleScript Handbook. Random House, New York, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Kitamura, T. Yamada, T. Kokubo, Y. Mawarimichi, T. Yamamotom, and T. Ishida. Interactive Integration of Information Agents on the Web. In Proceedings of CIA 2001, volume 2182 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 1–13. Springer, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Labrou, T. Finin, and Y. Peng. Agent Communication Languages: the Current Landscape. IEEE Intelligent Systems, pages 45–52, March–April 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. Lieberman. Letizia: An Agent That Assists Web Browsing. In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 924–929, Montreal, August 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  14. H. Lieberman, P. Maes, and N. Van Dyke. Butterfly: A Conversation-Finding Agent for Internet Relay Chat. In International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Los Angeles, January 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  15. P. Maes. Concepts and Experiments in Computational Reflection. In Proceedings of the Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications (OOPSLA’87), volume 22 (12) of Sigplan Notices, pages 147–155, Orlando, FA, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  16. P. Maes. Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload. In Bradshaw, J., editor, Software Agents, pages 145–164. AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. Mase. Experiments on Automatic Web Page Categorization for IR system, 1998. Technical Report, Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Developer Network Library, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Shaw and D. Garlan. Software Architecture-Perspective on an Emerging Discipline. Prentice Hall, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  20. SourceForge. Jazilla Home Page. WWW, 2002. http://jazilla.sourceforge.net.

  21. E. Tramontana. Managing Evolution Using Cooperative Designs and a Reflective Architecture. In W. Cazzola, R. J. Stroud, and F. Tisato, editors, Reflection and Software Engineering, volume 1826 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag, June 2000.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. E. Tramontana. Reflective Architecture for Changing Objects. In Proceeding of the ECOOP Workshop on Reflection and Metalevel Architectures (RMA’00), Nice, France, June 2000.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Di Stefano, A., Pappalardo, G., Santoro, C., Tramontana, E. (2002). A Multi-agent Reflective Architecture for User Assistance and Its Application to E-commerce. In: Klusch, M., Ossowski, S., Shehory, O. (eds) Cooperative Information Agents VI. CIA 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2446. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45741-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45741-0_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-44173-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45741-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics