Abstract
Labelled transition system based test theory has made remarkable progress over the past 15 years. From a theoretically interesting approach to the semantics of reactive systems it has developed into a field where testing theory is (slowly) narrowing the gap with testing practice. In particular, new test generation algorithms are being designed that can be used in realistic situations whilst maintaining a sound theoretical basis. In this paper we present an annotated bibliography of labelled transition system based test theory and its applications covering the main developments.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
S. Abramsky. Observational equivalence as a testing equivalence. Theoretical Computer Science, 53(3):225–241, 1987.
R. Alderden. COOPER, the compositional construction of a canonical tester. In S.T. Vuong, editor, FORTE’89, pages 13–17. North-Holland, 1990.
E. Brinksma, R. Alderden, R. Langerak, J. van de Lagemaat, and J. Tretmans. A formal approach to conformance testing. In J. de Meer, L. Mackert, and W. Effelsberg, editors, Second Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems, pages 349–363. North-Holland, 1990. Also: Memorandum INF-89-45, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
T. Bolognesi and E. Brinksma. Introduction to the ISO specification language LOTOS. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 14:25–59, 1987.
G. Bernot. Testing against formal specifications: A theoretical view. In S. Abramsky and T. S. E. Maibaum, editors, TAPSOFT’91, Volume 2, pages 99–119. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 494, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
A. Belinfante, J. Feenstra, R.G. de Vries, J. Tretmans, N. Goga, L. Feijs, S. Mauw, and L. Heerink. Formal test automation: A simple experiment. In G. Csopaki, S. Dibuz, and K. Tarnay, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 12, pages 179–196. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
E. Brinksma, L. Heerink, and J. Tretmans. Developments in testing transition systems. In M. Kim, S. Kang, and K. Hong, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 10, pages 143–166. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
J.A. Bergstra and J.W. Klop. Algebra of communicating processes with abstraction. Theoretical Computer Science, 37(1):77–121, 1985.
E. Brinksma. On the existence of canonical testers. Memorandum INF-87-5, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1987.
E. Brinksma. A theory for the derivation of tests. In S. Aggarwal and K. Sabnani, editors, Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification VIII, pages 63–74. North-Holland, 1988. Also: Memorandum INF-88-19, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
E. Brinksma. On the coverage of partial validations. In M. Nivat, C.M.I. Rattray, T. Rus, and G. Scollo, editors, AMAST’93, pages 247–254. BCSFACS Workshops in Computing Series, Springer-Verlag, 1993.
A.R. Cavalli, J.P. Favreau, and M. Phalippou. Formal methods in conformance testing: Results and perspectives. In O. Rafiq, editor, Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems VI, number C-19 in IFIP Transactions, pages 3–17. North-Holland, 1994.
O. Charles and R. Groz. Basing Test Coverage on a Formalization of Test Hypotheses. In M. Kim, S. Kang, and K. Hong, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 10, pages 109–124. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
M. Clatin, R. Groz, M. Phalippou, and R. Thummel. Two approaches linking test generation with verification techniques. In A. Cavalli and S. Budkowski, editors, Eight Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems. Chapman & Hall, 1996.
J.A. Curgus and S.T. Vuong. Sensitivity analysis of the metric based test selection. In M. Kim, S. Kang, and K. Hong, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 10, pages 200–219. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
K. Drira, P. Azéma, and F. Vernadat. Refusal graphs for conformance tester generation and simplification: A computational framework. In A. Danthine, G. Leduc, and P. Wolper, editors, Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification XIII, number C-16 in IFIP Transactions. North-Holland, 1993.
L. Du Bousquet, S. Ramangalshy, C. Viho, A. Belinfante, and R.G. de Vries. Formal Test Automation: The Conference Protocol with Tgv/TorX. In G. von Bochmann, R. Probert, and H. Ural, editors, Test-Com 2000. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. To appear.
R. De Nicola. Extensional equivalences for transition systems. Acta Informatica, 24:211–237, 1987.
R. De Nicola and M.C.B. Hennessy. Testing equivalences for processes. Theoretical Computer Science, 34:83–133, 1984.
P. Doornbosch. Test Derivation for Full LOTOS. Memorandum INF-91-51, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1991. Master’s Thesis.
K. Drira. Transformation et Composition de Graphes de Refus: Analyse de la Testabilité. PhD thesis, Laboratoire d’Automatique et d’Analyse des Systemes du CNRS, Toulouse, France, 1992.
H. Eertink. The implementation of a test derivation algorithm. Memorandum INF-87-36, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1987.
J.-C. Fernandez, C. Jard, T. Jéron, and C. Viho. Using on-the-fly verification techniques for the generation of test suites. In R. Alur and T.A. Henzinger, editors, Computer Aided Verification CAV’96. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1102, Springer-Verlag, 1996.
J.-C. Fernandez, C. Jard, T. Jéron, and C. Viho. An experiment in automatic generation of test suites for protocols with verification technology. Science of Computer Programming-Special Issue on COST247, Verification and Validation Methods for Formal Descriptions, 29(1-2):123–146, 1997.
H. Garavel. Open/Cæsar: An open software architecture for verification, simulation, and testing. In B. Steffen, editor, Fourth Int. Workshop on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS’98), pages 68–84. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1384, Springer-Verlag, 1998.
M.-C. Gaudel. Testing can be formal, too. In P.D. Mosses, M. Nielsen, and M.I. Schwartzbach, editors, TAPSOFT’95: Theory and Practice of Software Development, pages 82–96. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 915, Springer-Verlag, 1995.
M.-C. Gaudel and P.R. James. Testing algebraic data types and processes: A unifying theory. In J.F. Groote, B. Luttik, and J. van Wamel, editors, Third Int. Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS’98), pages 215–230, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1998. CWI.
R.J. van Glabbeek. The linear time-branching time spectrum. In J.C.M. Baeten and J.W. Klop, editors, CONCUR’90, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 458, pages 278–297. Springer-Verlag, 1990.
R.J. van Glabbeek. The linear time-branching time spectrum II (The semantics of sequential systems with silent moves). In E. Best, editor, CONCUR’ 93, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 715, pages 66–81. Springer-Verlag, 1993.
J. Grabowski, R. Scheurer, Z.R. Dai, and Hogrefe. D. Applying SaMsTaG to the B-ISDN protocol SSCOP. In M. Kim, S. Kang, and K. Hong, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 10, pages 397–415. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
L. Heerink. Ins and Outs in Refusal Testing. PhD thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1998.
M. Hennessy. Algebraic Theory of Processes. Foundations of Computing Series. The MIT Press, 1988.
L. Heerink, J. Feenstra, and J. Tretmans. Formal Test Automation: The Conference Protocol with Phact. In G. von Bochmann, R. Probert, and H. Ural, editors, TestCom 2000. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. To appear.
C.A.R. Hoare. Communicating Sequential Processes. Prentice-Hall, 1985.
G.J. Holzmann. Design and Validation of Computer Protocols. Prentice-Hall Inc., 1991.
D. Hogrefe, Heymer S., and J. Tretmans. Report on the standardization project “Formal Methods in Conformance Testing”. In B. Baumgarten, H.-J. Burkhardt, and A. Giessler, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 9, pages 289–298. Chapman & Hall, 1996.
L. Heerink and J. Tretmans. Formal methods in conformance testing: A probabilistic refinement. In B. Baumgarten, H.-J. Burkhardt, and A. Giessler, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 9, pages 261–276. Chapman & Hall, 1996.
L. Heerink and J. Tretmans. Refusal testing for classes of transition systems with inputs and outputs. In T. Mizuno, N. Shiratori, T. Higashino, and A. Togashi, editors, Formal Desciption Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification FORTE X /PSTV XVII’ 97, pages 23–38. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
J. He and K.J. Turner. Protocol-Inspired Hardware Testing. In G. Csopaki, S. Dibuz, and K. Tarnay, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 12, pages 131-147. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
ISO. Information Processing Systems, Open Systems Interconnection, LOTOS-A Formal Description Technique Based on the Temporal Ordering of Observational Behaviour. International Standard IS-8807. ISO, Geneve, 1989.
ISO. Information Technology, Open Systems Interconnection, Conformance Testing Methodology and Framework. International Standard IS-9646. ISO, Geneve, 1991. Also: CCITT X.290–X.294.
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC21 WG7, ITU-T SG 10/Q.8. Information Retrieval, Transfer and Management for OSI; Framework: Formal Methods in Conformance Testing. Committee Draft CD 13245-1, ITU-T proposed recommendation Z.500. ISO-ITU-T, Geneve, 1996.
C. Jard, T. Jéron, H. Kahlouche, and C. Viho. Towards Automatic Distribution of Testers for Distributed Conformance Testing. In S. Budkowski, A. Cavalli, and Najm E., editors, Formal Desciption Techniques and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification FORTE X /PSTV XVII’ 98, pages 353–368. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
C. Jard, T. Jéron, and P. Morel. Verification of Test Suites. In G. von Bochmann, R. Probert, and H. Ural, editors, TestCom 2000. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. To appear.
T. Jéron and P. Morel. Test generation derived from model-checking. In D. Halbwachs, N. nad Peled, editor, Computer Aided Verification CAV’99, pages 108-121. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1633, Springer-Verlag, 1999.
A. Kerbrat, T. Jéron, and R. Groz. Automated Test Generation from SDL Specifications. In R. Dssouli, G. von Bochmann, and Y. Lahav, editors, SDL’99, The Next Millennium-Proceedings of the 9th SDL Forum, pages 135–152. Elsevier Science, 1999.
H. Kahlouche, C. Viho, and M. Zendri. An industrial experiment in automatic generation of executable test suites for a cache coherency protocol. In A. Petrenko and N. Yevtushenko, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 11, pages 211–226. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
R. Langerak. A testing theory for LOTOS using deadlock detection. In E. Brinksma, G. Scollo, and C. A. Vissers, editors, Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification IX, pages 87–98. North-Holland, 1990.
G. Leduc. A framework based on implementation relations for implementing LOTOS specifications. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 25(1):23–41, 1992.
P. Le Gall and A. Arnould. Formal specifications and test: Correctness and oracle. In O.-J. Dahl, O. Owe, and M. Haveraaen, editors, 11th ADT Workshop. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, 1996.
N.A. Lynch and M.R. Tuttle. An introduction to Input/Output Automata. CWIQuarterly, 2(3):219–246, 1989. Also: Technical Report MIT/LCS/TM-373 (TM-351 revised), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A., 1988.
D. Lee and M. Yannakakis. Principles and methods for testing finite state machines-a survey. The Proceedings of the IEEE, 84, August 1996.
B. Marre. LOFT: A tool for assisting selection of test data sets from algebraic specifications. In P.D. Mosses, M. Nielsen, and M.I. Schwartzbach, editors, TAPSOFT’95: Theory and Practice of Software Development, pages 799-800. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 915, Springer-Verlag, 1995.
R. Milner. Communication and Concurrency. Prentice-Hall, 1989.
A. Petrenko. In These Proceedings, 2000.
D. H. Pitt and D. Freestone. The derivation of conformance tests from LOTOS specifications. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 16(12):1337–1343, 1990.
M. Phalippou. Executable testers. In O. Rafiq, editor, Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems VI, number C-19 in IFIP Transactions, pages 35–50. North-Holland, 1994.
M. Phalippou. Relations d’Implantation et Hypothèses de Test sur des Automates à Entrées et Sorties. PhD thesis, L’Université de BordeauxI, France, 1994.
I. Phillips. Refusal testing. Theoretical Computer Science, 50(2):241–284, 1987.
J. Peleska and M. Siegel. Test automation of safety-critical reactive systems. South African Computer Jounal, 19:53–77, 1997.
D. Rayner. OSI conformance testing. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 14:79–98, 1987.
D. Rayner. Future directions for protocol testing, learning the lessons from the past. In M. Kim, S. Kang, and K. Hong, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 10, pages 3–17. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
R. Segala. Quiescence, fairness, testing, and the notion of implementation. In E. Best, editor, CONCUR’93, pages 324–338. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 715, Springer-Verlag, 1993.
M. Schmitt, A. Ek, B. Koch, J. Grabowski, and D. Hogrefe.-Autolink-Putting SDL-based Test Generation into Practice. In A. Petrenko and N. Yevtushenko, editors, Int. Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems 11, pages 227–243. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
Spin. On-the-Fly, LTL Model Checking with Spin. URL: http://netlib.bell-labs.com/netlib/spin/whatispin.html.
Dutch Technology Foundation STW. Côte de Resyste-COnformance TEsting of REactive SYSTEms. Project proposal STW TIF.4111, University of Twente, Eindhoven University of Technology, Philips Research Laboratories, KPN Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1996. URL: http://fmt.cs.utwente.nl/CdR.
Q. Tan. On Conformance Testing of Systems Communicating by Rendezvous. PhD thesis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada, 1997.
J. Tretmans, P. Kars, and E. Brinksma. Protocol conformance testing: A formal perspective on ISO IS-9646. In J. Kroon, R. J. Heijink, and E. Brinksma, editors, Fourth Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems, number C-3 in IFIP Transactions, pages 131–142. North-Holland, 1992. Extended abstract of Memorandum INF-91-32, University of Twente, The Netherlands, 1991.
Q.M. Tan, A. Petrenko, and G. von Bochmann. Modeling Basic LOTOS by FSMs for conformance testing. In P. Dembiński and M. Średniawa, editors, Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification XV, pages 137–152. IFIP WG6.1, Chapman & Hall, 1996. Also: publication # 958, Université de Montréal, Département d’Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle.
J. Tretmans. Test case derivation from LOTOS specifications. In S.T. Vuong, editor, FORTE’89, pages 345–359. North-Holland, 1990. Also: Memorandum INF-90-21, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
J. Tretmans. A formal approach to conformance testing. In O. Rafiq, editor, Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems VI, number C-19 in IFIP Transactions, pages 257–276. North-Holland, 1994.
J. Tretmans. Conformance testing with labelled transition systems: Implementation relations and test generation. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 29:49–79, 1996.
J. Tretmans. Test generation with inputs, outputs and repetitive quiescence. Software-Concepts and Tools, 17(3):103–120, 1996. Also: Technical Report No. 96-26, Centre for Telematics and Information Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
J. Tretmans. Testing concurrent systems: A formal approach. In J.C.M Baeten and S. Mauw, editors, CONCUR’99-10th Int. Conference on Concurrency Theory, volume 1664 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 46–65. Springer-Verlag, 1999.
J. Tretmans and L. Verhaard. A queue model relating synchronous and asynchronous communication. In R.J. Linn and M.Ü. Uyar, editors, Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification XII, number C-8 in IFIP Transactions, pages 131–145. North-Holland, 1992. Extended abstract of Memorandum INF-92-04, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, 1992, and Internal Report, TFL RR 1992-1, TFL, Hørsholm, Denmark.
R.G. de Vries and J. Tretmans. On-the-Fly Conformance Testing using Spin. In G. Holzmann, E. Najm, and A. Serhrouchni, editors, Fourth Workshop on Automata Theoretic Verification with the Spin Model Checker, ENST 98 S 002, pages 115–128, Paris, France, November 2, 1998. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications. Also to appear in Software Tools for Technology Transfer.
L. Verhaard, J. Tretmans, P. Kars, and E. Brinksma. On asynchronous testing. In G. von Bochmann, R. Dssouli, and A. Das, editors, Fifth Int. Workshop on Protocol Test Systems, IFIP Transactions. North-Holland, 1993. Also: Memorandum INF-93-03, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
C. D. Wezeman. The CO-OP method for compositional derivation of conformance testers. In E. Brinksma, G. Scollo, and C. A. Vissers, editors, Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification IX, pages 145–158. North-Holland, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brinksma, E., Tretmans, J. (2001). Testing Transition Systems: An Annotated Bibliography. In: Cassez, F., Jard, C., Rozoy, B., Ryan, M.D. (eds) Modeling and Verification of Parallel Processes. MOVEP 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2067. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45510-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45510-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42787-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45510-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive