Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Virtual Living Beings

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Virtual Worlds (VW 2000)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 1834))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The body of 3D synthesis has long been described as an «object». Scientists and artists alike are today reconsidering the subject of life and reality through virtual simulations. We must move beyond the real-virtual duality (which encompasses the body-mind duality) towards a redefinition of both terms: That which is real must henceforth integrate a virtual component (since we perceive that which is virtual) and that which is virtual is unable to exist outside the sphere of reality, since it is expressed through physical machines.The living body is a pluridisciplinary subject, being influenced both on the scientific side by medicine and biology and from the sphere of arts by philosophy and its ties to the mind. Thus, it can not be dealt with adequately by a unilateral approach. Various analyses of this problem will show that an analytical method alone is insufficient and that approaches which call upon the concept of emergence are necessary.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hervé Abdi: Les réseaux de neurones. Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, France (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alain Berthoz: Le sens du mouvement. Éditions Odile Jacob Sciences, France (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bruce M. Blumberg, Tinsley A. Galyean: Multi-Level Direction of Autonomous Creatures for Real-Time Virtual Environments. in Computer Graphics, USA (1995) 47–54

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ramachandran Bharath, James Drosen: Neural Network Computing. Windcrest/McGraw-Hill (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. Bourret, J. Reggia, M. Samuelides: Réseaux Neuronaux. Tekena, France (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  6. David T. Chen, David Zeltzer: Pump It Up: Computer Animation of Biomechanically Based Model of Muscle. in Computer Graphics Vol. 26(4), USA (1992) 89–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Armin Bruderlin, Thomas W. Calvert: Goal-Directed, Dynamic Animation of Human Walking. in Computer Graphice Vol. 23(3), USA (1989) 232–242

    Google Scholar 

  8. John E. Chadwick, David R. Haumann, Richard E. Parent: Layered Construction for Deformable Animated Characters. in Computer Graphics Vol. 23(3), USA (1989) 243–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jean-Louis Dessalles: L’ordinateur génétique. Hermes, France (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  10. David E. Goldberg: Algorithmes Génétiques. Addison-Wesley (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Francis Goubel, Ghislaine Lensel-Corbeil: Biomécanique, éléments de mécanique musculaire. Masson France (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Radek Grzeszczuk, Demetri Terzopoulos: Automated Learning of Muscle-Actuated Locomotion Through Control Abstraction. in Computer Graphics, USA (1995) 63–70

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jean-Claude Heudin: La Vie Artificielle. Hermes France (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Victor Ng Thow Hing: A Biomechanical Musculotendon Model For Animating Articulated Objects. Thesis, Departement of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada, (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jessica K. Hodgins, Wayne L. Wooten, David C. Brogan, James F. O’BrienR: Animating Human Athletics. in Computer Graphics, USA (1995) 71–78

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jessica K. Hodgins, Nancy S. Pollard: Adaptating Simulated Behaviors For New Characters. in Computer Graphics, USA (1997) 153–162

    Google Scholar 

  17. John Holland: Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. Ann Arbor; The University of Michigan Press, USA (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  18. J.R. Koza: Genetic evolution and co-evolution of computer programs. in C.G. Langton (Ed.), Artificial Life II, Addison-Wesley, (1991) 603–629

    Google Scholar 

  19. Michael McKenna, David Zeltzer: Dynamic Simulation of Autonomous Legged Locomotion. in Computer Graphics Vol. 24(4), (1990) 29–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gavin S.P. Miller: The Motion Dynamics of Snakes and Worms. in Computer Graphics Vol. 22(4), USA (1988) 168–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Arrnould Moreaux: Anatomie Artistique de l’Homme. Maloine, France (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Marc H. Raibert, Jessica K. Hodgins: Animation of Dynamic Legged Locomotion. in Computer Graphics Vol. 25(4), USA (1991) 349–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Thomas S. Ray: Evolution, complexity, entropy, and artificial reality. in Physica, (1994) 239–263

    Google Scholar 

  24. Craig W. Reynolds: Computer Animation with Scripts and Actors. in Computer Graphics Vol. 16(3), USA (1982) 289–296

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Craig W. Reynolds: Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model. in Computer Graphics Vol. 21(4), USA (1987) 25–34

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Paul Richer: Taité d’Anatomie Artistique. Bibliothèque de l’Image, France (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Olivier Sarzeaud: Les réseaux de neurones, contribution à une théorie. Ouset Editions, France (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ferdi Scheepers, Richard E. Parent, Wayne E. Carlsom, Stephen F. May: Anatomy-Based Modeling of the Human Musculature. in Computer Graphics, USA (1997) 163–172

    Google Scholar 

  29. Karl Sims: Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics. in Computer Graphics Vol. 25(4), USA (1991) 319–328

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Karl Sims: Evolving Virtual Creatures. in Computer Graphics, USA (1994) 15–22

    Google Scholar 

  31. Karl Sims: Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition. in Artificial Life IVProceedings, MIT Press, USA (1994) 28–39

    Google Scholar 

  32. András Szunyoghy, György Fehé: Grand Cours d’Anatomie Artistique. Konemann France (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Xiaoyuan Tu, Demetri Terzopoulos: Artificial Fishes: Physics, Locomotion, Perception, Behavior. in Computer Graphics, USA (1994) 43–50

    Google Scholar 

  34. Demetri Terzopoulos, John Platt, Alan Barr, Kurt Fleischer: Elastically Deformable Models. Computer Graphics Vol. 21(4), USA (1987) 205–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Michiel Van de Panne, Eugène Fiume: Sensor-Actuator Networks. in Computer Graphics, USA (1993) 335–342

    Google Scholar 

  36. Michiel Van de Panne: Control Techniques for Physically-Based Animation. These, Université de Toronto Canada (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jane Wilhelms, Allen Van Gelder: Anatomically Based Modeling. in Computer Graphics, USA (1997) 181–188

    Google Scholar 

  38. Keith Waters: A Muscle Model for Animating Three-Dimensionam Facial Expression. Computer Graphics Vol. 21(4), USA (1987) 17–24

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. David Zeltzer: Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation. in IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Vol. 2,9, USA (1982) 53–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. F.E. Zajac, E. L. Topp, P. J. Stevenson: A Dimensionless Musculotendon Model. in Proceedings IEEE Engineering in Medecine and Biology (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  41. F.E. Zajac: Muscle and Tendon: Properties, Models, Scaling, and Application to Biomechanics and Motor Control. in Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 17, (1989) 359–411

    Google Scholar 

  42. Yuencheng Lee, Demetri Terzopoulos, Keith Waters: Ralistic Modeling for Facial Animation. In Computer Graphics USA (1995) 55–6

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université PARIS 8, 2, rue de la Liberté, 93526, Saint Denis, France

    Michel Bret

Authors
  1. Michel Bret
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Multimedia, Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci, 92916, Paris La Défense Cedex, France

    Jean-Claude Heudin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Bret, M. (2000). Virtual Living Beings. In: Heudin, JC. (eds) Virtual Worlds. VW 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 1834. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45016-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45016-5_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-67707-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45016-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation