Safety Considerations in Interventional MRI

Abstract

Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques are not harmful, as the electromagnetic fields used in this technique do not have permanent or harmful effects on living tissue, as long as the MR examination is performed properly. Especially with interventional imaging, the absence of ionizing radiation is an advantage not only for the patient, but even more so for the operator. However, MR imaging is not free from hazards. In the case of inadvertence, substantial damage is possible. The strong static magnetic field, the radiofrequency field, and the switched gradient fields have different physical effects and thus different risks emerge. Owing to the specific requirements for interventional procedures, the significant danger from ferromagnetic objects that are brought into the range of the static field and can be drawn towards the scanner with considerable force is even larger than in standard imaging. Depending on the specific environment, strict safety precautions, which address all potential hazards in all possible situations, must be implemented and personnel must be trained specifically for interventions at or near an MR scanner.