Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem affecting more than 23 million patients worldwide. Incidence and prevalence rates vary significantly according to the source of data, but both increase with advancing age reaching, in the very elderly, prevalence rates that represent a challenge for the organization of medical care systems. Even if evidence-based treatments have improved prognosis in some patients with HF, patients with HF still need to be carefully characterized, described, and treated. Hospitalizations for acute HF are frequent and costly accounting for the vast majority of HF-related costs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abraham WT, Fonarow GC, Albert NM et al (2008) OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 52:347–356
Adams KF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL et al (2005) ADHERE scientific Advisory Committee Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design and preliminary observations from the first 100.000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J 149:209–216
Barasa A, Schaufelberger M, Lappas G et al (2014) Heart failure in young adults: 20-year trends in hospitalization, aetiology, and case fatality in Sweden. Eur Heart J 35:25–32
Blecker S, Paul M, Taksler G et al (2013) Heart failure-associated hospitalizations in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 61:1259–1267
Bleumink GS, Knetsch AM, Sturkenboom MC et al (2004) Quantifying the heart failure epidemic: prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure The Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J 25:1614–1619
Braunstein JB, Anderson GF, Gerstenblith G et al (2003) Noncardiac comorbidity increases preventable hospitalizations and mortality among medicare beneficiaries with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 42:1226–1233
Carlson KJ, Lee DC, Goroll AH et al (1985) An analysis of physicians’ reasons for prescribing long-term digitalis therapy in outpatients. J Chronic Dis 38:733–739
Carson PE, Anand IS, Win S et al (2015) The hospitalization burden and post-hospitalization mortality risk in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the I-PRESERVE Trial (Irbesartan inHeart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction). JACC Heart Fail 3:429–441
Chen J, Normand SL, Wang Y et al (2011) National and regional trends in heart failure hospitalization and mortality rates for Medicare beneficiaries, 1998–2008. JAMA 306:1669–1678
Chun S, Tu JV, Wijeysundera HC et al (2012) Lifetime analysis of hospitalizations and survival of patients newly admitted with heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 5:414–421
Curtis LH, Whellan DJ, Hammill BG et al (2008) Incidence and prevalence of heart failure in elderly persons, 1994-2003. Arch Intern Med 168:418–424
Desai AS, Claggett B, Pfeffer MA et al (2014) Influence of hospitalization for cardiovascular versus noncardiovascular reasons on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 7:895–902
Dickstein K, Cohen‐Solal A, Filippatos G, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) et al (2008) ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 10:933–989
Djoussé L, Driver JA, Gaziano JM (2009) Relation between modifiable lifestyle factors and lifetime risk of heart failure. JAMA 302:394–400
Dunlay SM, Roger VL (2014) Understanding the epidemic of heart failure: past, present, and future. Curr Heart Fail Rep 11:404–415
Dunlay SM, Redfield MM, Weston SA et al (2009a) Hospitalizations after heart failure diagnosis a community perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1695–1702
Dunlay SM, Weston SA, Jacobsen SJ et al (2009b) Risk factors for heart failure: a population-based case-control study. Am J Med 122:1023–1028
Dunlay SM, Shah ND, Shi Q et al (2011) Lifetime costs of medical care after heart failure diagnosis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 4:68–75
Eriksson H, Caidahl K, Larsson B et al (1987) Cardiac and pulmonary causes of dyspnoea–validation of a scoring test for clinical-epidemiological use: the Study of Men Born in 1913. Eur Heart J 8:1007–1014
Folsom AR, Yamagishi K, Hozawa A et al (2009) Absolute and attributable risks of heart failure incidence in relation to optimal risk factors. Circ Heart Fail 2:11–17
Fonarow GC, Yancy CW, Heywood JT, ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee, Study Group, and Investigators (2005) Adherence to heart failure quality of care indicators in US hospitals. Arch Intern Med 165:1469–1477
Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G et al (2005) International Working Group on Acute Heart Failure Syndromes. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation 112:3958–3968
Gottdiener JS, Arnold AM, Aurigemma GP et al (2000) Predictors of congestive heart failure in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:1628–1637
Hansen LO, Young RS, Hinami K et al (2011) Interventions to reduce30-day rehospitalization: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 155:520–528
He J, Ogden LG, Bazzano LA et al (2001) Risk factors for congestive heart failure in US men and women: NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 161:996–1002
Heidenreich PA, Albert NM, Allen LA et al (2013) Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Heart Fail 6:606–619
Henkel DM, Redfield MM, Weston SA et al (2008) Death in heart failure: a community perspective. Circ Heart Fail 1:91–97
Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA (2009) Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. N Engl J Med 360:1418–1428
Levy D, Larson MG, Vasan RS et al (1996) The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure. JAMA 275:1557–1562
Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG et al (2002) Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Engl J Med 347:1397–1402
Loehr LR, Rosamond WD, Poole C et al (2010) The potentially modifiable burden of incident heart failure due to obesity: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Am J Epidemiol 172:781–789
Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA) et al (2010) EURObservational Research Program: The Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot). Eur J Heart Fail 12:1076–1084
Maggioni AP, Anker S, Dahlström U et al (2013a) Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12 440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail 15:1173–1184
Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA) et al (2013b) EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1-year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot). Eur J Heart Fail 15:808–817
Maggioni AP, Orso F, Calabria S et al (2016) The real-world evidence of heart failure: findings from 41 413 patients of the ARNO database. Eur J Heart Fail 18:402–410
McCullough PA, Philbin EF, Spertus JA, Resource Utilization Among Congestive Heart Failure (REACH) Study et al (2002) Confirmation of a heart failure epidemic: findings from the Resource Utilization Among Congestive Heart Failure (REACH) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:60–69
McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM et al (1971) The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. N Engl J Med 285:1441–1446
McMurray JJ, Stewart S (2000) Epidemiology, aetiology and prognosis of heart failure. Heart 83:596–602
Mosterd A, Hoes AW (2007) Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 93:1137–1146
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee et al (2015) Heart disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131:e29–e322
Nieminem MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K et al (2006) EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: descriptions of population. Eur Heart J 27:2725–2736
O’Connor CM, Stough WG, Gallup DS et al (2005) Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: observations from the IMPACT-HF registry. J Card Fail 11:200–205
Oliva F, Mortara A, Cacciatore G, IN-HF Outcome Investigators et al (2012) Acute heart failure patient profiles, management and in-hospital outcome: results of the Italian Registry on Heart Failure Outcome. Eur J Heart Fail 14:1208–1217
Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C (2013) A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:263–271
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD et al (2016) 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 37:2129–2200
Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C et al (1995) A multidisciplinary intervention to prevent the readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 333:1190–1195
Rickenbacher P, Pfisterer M, Burkard T et al (2012) Why and how do elderly patients with heart failure die? Insights from the TIME-CHF study. Eur J Heart Fail 14:1218–1229
Roger V (2013) Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res 113:646–659
Roger VL, Weston SA, Redfield MM et al (2004) Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population. JAMA 292:344–350
Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee et al (2007) Heart disease and stroke statistics—2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 115:e69–e171
Rudiger A, Harjola VP, Muller A et al (2005) Acute heart failure: clinical presentation, one year mortality and prognostic factors. Eur J Heart Fail 7:662–670
Saczynski JS, Go AS, Magid DJ et al (2013) Patterns of comorbidity in older adults with heart failure: the Cardiovascular Research Network PRESERVE study. J Am Geriatr Soc 61:26–33
Senni M, Gavazzi A, Oliva F et al (2014) In-hospital and 1-year outcomes of acute heart failure patients according to presentation (de novo vs. worsening) and ejection fraction. Results from IN-HF Outcome Registry. Int J Cardiol 173:163–169
Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Lucci D, Italian survey on Acute Heart Failure et al (2006) Nationwide survey on acute heart failure in cardiology ward services in Italy. Eur Heart J 27:1207–1215
Tavazzi L, Senni M, Metra M et al (2013) Multicenter prospective observational study on acute and chronic heart failure: the one-year follow-up results of IN-HF outcome registry. Circ Heart Fail 6:473–481
Wan SH, Vogel MW, Chen HH (2014) Pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:407–416
Wong CY, Chaudhry SI, Desai MM et al (2011) Trends in comorbidity, disability, and polypharmacy in heart failure. Am J Med 124:136–143
Yeung DF, Boom NK, Guo H et al (2012) Trends in the incidence and outcomes of heart failure in Ontario, Canada: 1997 to 2007. CMAJ 184:E765–E773
Zarrinkoub R, Wettermark B, Wändell P et al (2013) The epidemiology of heart failure, based on data for 2.1 million inhabitants in Sweden. Eur J Heart Fail 15:995–1002
Disclosure Statement
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Orso, F., Fabbri, G., Maggioni, A.P. (2016). Epidemiology of Heart Failure. In: Bauersachs, J., Butler, J., Sandner, P. (eds) Heart Failure. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 243. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_74
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_74
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59658-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59659-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)