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Dispersion of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrices: Challenges and Solutions

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Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 267))

Abstract

Recently, nanoparticles with remarkable physical and chemical properties have attracted intense attention. Many techniques have been developed to synthesize nanoparticles. The introduction of nanoparticles into organic polymers offers an effective way to improve properties such as electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and resistance to chemical reagents. The properties of polymer composites depend on the nanoparticles that are incorporated, including their size, shape, concentration, and interactions with the polymer matrix. However, the lack of compatibility between inorganic particles and polymer matrix limits the applications of nanoparticles in composites. As a result of incompatibility, the dispersion of synthesized inorganic nanoparticles in polymer matrices is very difficult, and particles with specific surface area and volume effects can form aggregates. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the particles to overcome their tendency to aggregate and improve their dispersion in polymer matrices. Two ways are used to modify the surface of inorganic particles: modification of the surface by chemical treatment and the grafting of functional polymeric molecules to the hydroxyl groups existing on the particles. By surface modification of nanoparticles the dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles in organic solvents and polymer matrices is improved.

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Abbreviations

ABS:

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

ATO:

Antimony-doped tin oxide

ATRP:

Atom transfer radical polymerization

BADCy:

Bisphenol-A dicyanate [2,2-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) isopropylidene]

BFN:

BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3

BST:

Ba x Sr1−x TiO3

BSTO:

Barium strontium titanyl oxalate [Ba1−x Sr x TiO(C2O4)2-4H2O]

CB:

Carbon black

CE:

Cyanate ester

CNF:

Carbon nanofiber

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CTAB:

Hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide

DBP:

Dibutyl phthalate

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EPDM:

Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber

FF:

Ferrofluid

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GMA:

Glycidyl methacrylate

h-BaTiO3 :

Hydroxylated BaTiO3

HBP:

Hyperbranched aromatic polyamide

IAAT:

Isopropyl tris(N-amino-ethyl aminoethyl)titanate

iPP:

Isotactic polypropylene

KH550:

3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane

KH570:

γ-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane

MAH:

Maleic anhydride

MF:

Magnetic fluid

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

MMT:

Montmorillonite

MRF:

Magnetorheological fluid

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

PA6:

Nylon 6

PC:

Polycarbonate

PCL:

Poly(caprolactone)

PLA:

Poly(lactic acid)

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PP:

Polypropylene

PP-g-MA:

Poly(propylene-graft-maleic anhydride) copolymer

PPS:

Polyphenylene sulfide

PS:

Polystyrene

PU:

Polyurethane

PVDF:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

PVDF-HFP:

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SWNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

TBP:

Tributyl phosphate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TESPT:

Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane

TG:

Thermogravimetric

T g :

Glass transition temperature

XRD:

X-ray powder diffraction

ZnFe2O4 :

Zinc ferrite

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Acknowledgments

The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 21246002), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2009CB219904), the National Post-doctoral Science Foundation (No. 20090451176), the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Engineering at Yangzhou University (No. K11025), the Technology Innovation Foundation of MOST (No. 11C26223204581), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2011328), and the Minjiang Scholarship of Fujian Province

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China

    R. Y. Hong

  2. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, SIP, Suzhou, 215123, China

    R. Y. Hong & Q. Chen

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  1. R. Y. Hong
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  2. Q. Chen
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Correspondence to R. Y. Hong .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Bahra University, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Susheel Kalia

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Yuvaraj Haldorai

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Hong, R.Y., Chen, Q. (2014). Dispersion of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrices: Challenges and Solutions. In: Kalia, S., Haldorai, Y. (eds) Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 267. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2014_286

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