Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- AF4:
-
Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation
- aPP:
-
Atactic polypropylene
- CCD:
-
Chemical composition distribution
- CEF:
-
Crystallization elution fractionation
- CR:
-
Crystallization rate
- CRYSTAF:
-
Crystallization analysis fractionation
- DC:
-
Dynamic crystallization
- DSC:
-
Differential scanning calorimetry
- EGMBE:
-
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- ELSD:
-
Evaporative light scattering detector
- EMA:
-
Ethylene-methyl acrylate
- EP:
-
Ethylene propylene copolymer
- EPDM:
-
Ethylene-propylene diene
- ESL:
-
Ethylene sequence length
- EVA:
-
Ethylene-vinyl acetate
- FC:
-
Crystallization flow
- FDSC:
-
Fractional DSC
- FE:
-
Elution flow
- FFF:
-
Field flow fractionation
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared
- HDPE:
-
High-density polyethylene
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- HR:
-
Heating rate
- HT:
-
High temperature
- IC:
-
Interaction chromatography
- ICPC:
-
International Conference on Polyolefin Characterization
- iPP:
-
Isotactic polypropylene
- IR:
-
Infrared
- LCB:
-
Long chain branching
- LDPE:
-
Low-density polyethylene
- LLDPE:
-
Linear low-density polyethylene
- LS:
-
Light scattering
- M:
-
Molar mass
- MALS:
-
Multi-angle light scattering
- MCT:
-
Mercury cadmium telluride
- MMD:
-
Molar mass distribution
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- ODCB:
-
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
- PE:
-
Polyethylene
- PP:
-
Polypropylene
- RI:
-
Refractive index
- SCB:
-
Short chain branching
- SCBD:
-
Short-chain branching distribution
- SEC:
-
Size-exclusion chromatography
- SGIC:
-
Solvent gradient interaction chromatography
- SGIC2D:
-
Two-dimensional solvent gradient interaction chromatography
- SIST:
-
Stepwise isothermal segregation
- sPP:
-
Syndiotactic polypropylene
- SSA:
-
Successive self-nucleation annealing
- STAF:
-
Solvated thermal analysis fractionation
- TCB:
-
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
- TGIC:
-
Temperature gradient interactive chromatography
- TREF:
-
Temperature rising elution fractionation
References
Staudinger H, Heuer W (1930) Highly polymerized compounds XXXIII. A relation between the viscosity and the molecular weight of polystyrenes. Ber dtsch Chem Ges B 63:222–234
Ziegler K, Holzkamp E, Breil H, Martin H (1955) Angew Chem 67:426–541
Haenel M (2008) Historical sites of chemistry. Karl Ziegler. Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Mülheim an der Ruhr
Hogan JP, Banks RL (1958) US patent 2,825,721
Hogan JP, Banks RL (1986) History of crystalline polypropylene. In: Seymour RB, Cheng T (eds) History of polyolefins. D Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 103–115
Sinn H, Kaminsky W (1980) Adv Organomet Chem 18:99
Kaminski W (2004) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 42:3911–3921
Natta G (1955) Makromol Chem 16:213
Natta G, Danusso F (eds) (1967) Stereoregular polymers and stereospecific polymerizations. Pergamon, Oxford
Moore JC (1964) J Polym Sci A2:835–843
Giddings JC (1966) Sep Sci 1:123–125
Yau WW, Kirkland JJ, Bly DD (1979) Modern size exclusion liquid chromatography. Wiley, New York (2nd edn. with Striegel AM in 2009)
Provder T (ed) (1999) Chromatography of polymers. ACS symposium series, vol 731. ACS, Washington
Grubistic Z, Rempp R, Benoit H (1967) J Polym Sci B 5:753
Cheung P, Lew R, Balke S, Mourey T (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 47:1701–1706
Scholte T, Meijerink N, Schoffeleers H, Brands A (1984) J Appl Polym Sci 29:3763–3782
Drott EE, Mendelson RA (1970) J Polym Sci A 2(8):1361–1371
Cote JA, Shida M (1971) J Polym Sci A 2(9):421–430
Servotte A, De Bruille R (1975) Die Makromolekulare Chemie 116:203–212
Usami T, Gotoh Y, Takayama S (1991) J Appl Polym Sci 43:1859–1863
De Groot W, Wayne J, Hamre J (1993) Chromatography 648:33–39
Wang W, Kharchenko S, Migler K, Zhu S (2004) Triple-detector GPC characterization and processing behavior of long-chain-branched polyethylene prepared by solution po-lymerization with constrained geometry catalyst. Polymer 45:6495–6505
Yu Y, DesLauriers P, Rohlfing DC (2005) Polymer 46:5165–5182
Monrabal B, Yau W (2011) Engineering advances in high temperature GPC instrumentation. The Column 7(7):8–15
Cong et al (2007) In: Proceedings international symposium on polymer analysis and characterization (ISPAC), Crete, June 2007
Wong WS (2012) Application of high temperature chromatographic and viscometric techniques for the characterization of highly isotactic polypropylene samples. In: Proceedings 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012
Monrabal B, Sancho-Tello J (2009) High temperature GPC analysis of polyolefins with infrared detection. In: The applications book, July 2009. LCGC Europe, Chester
Monrabal B, del Hierro P, Roig A (2012) Improvements in the sample preparation of polyolefins to prevent polymer degradation prior to GPC/SEC and CEF analysis. In: Proceedings 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012
Wyatt Technology Corporation, Santa Barbara www.wyatt.com
Malvern Instruments Ltd, Worcestershire www.malvern.com/viscotek
Ross JH, Casto ME (1968) J Polym Sci C 21:143–152
Dawkins JV, Hemming M (1975) J Appl Polym Sci 19:3107–3118
Bosch JV, Ortín A, Monrabal B (1998) Development of a highly stable multiple wavelength IR detector fon on-line GPC, CRYSTAF and TREF analysis. In: Proceedings International GPC Symposium, Arizona, October 1998, 633–640
Housaki T, Satoh K, Nishikida K, Morimoto M (1988) Makromol Chem Rapid Commun 9:525–528
Nishikida K, Housaki T, Morimoto M, Kinoshita T (1990) J Chromatogr A 517:209–217
Markovich RP, Hazlitt LG, Smith-Courtney L (1993) Chromatography of polymers. In: Provder T (ed) Characterization by SEC and FFF. ACS symposium series, vol 521. American Chemical Society, Washington
DesLauriers PJ, Rohlfing DC, Hsieh ET (2002) Polymer 43:159–170
DesLauriers PJ (2005) Measuring compositional heterogeneity in polyolefins using SEC/FTIR spectroscopy. In: Striegel A (ed) Multiple detection in size exclusion chromatography. ACS symposium series, vol 893. American Chemical Society, Washington
Piel C, Albrecht A, Neubauer C, Klampfl CW, Reussner J (2011) Anal Bioanal Chem 400:2607–2613
Albrecht A (2012) Multidimensional fractionation techniques for the characterisation of HDPE pipe grades. In: Proceedings 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012
Montesinos J, Tarín R, Ortín A, Monrabal B (2006) In: Proceedings 1st ICPC conference, Houston, October 2006
Monrabal B, Sancho-Tello J, Montesinos J, Tarín R, Ortín A, del Hierro P, Bas M (2012) High temperature gel permeation chromatograph (GPC/SEC) with integrated IR5 MCT detector for polyolefin analysis: a breakthrough in sensitivity and automation. In: The applications book, July 2012. LCGC Europe, Chester
Ortín A, Montesinos J, López E, del Hierro P, Monrabal B, Torres-Lapasió J, García-Álvarez-Coque MC (2013) Characterization of chemical composition across molar mass distribution in polyolefin copolymers by GPC-IR using a filter-based IR detector. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012 Macromolecular Symposia (in press)
Ortín A, López E, Monrabal B, Torres-Lapasió JR, García-Álvarez-Coque MC (2012) J Chromatogr A 1257:66–73
Wheeler LM, Willis JN (1993) Appl Spectrosc 47:1128–1130
Willis JN, Dwyer JL, Wheeler LM (1993) Polym Mater Sci 69:120–121
Verdurmen-Noel L, Baldo L, Bremmers S (2001) Polymer 42:5523–5529
Kearney T, Dwyer JL (2008) Am Lab 40:8–9
Carson WW, Dwyer JL, Boumajny B (2008) Copolymer compositional drift across molecular weight measured by LC-FTIR. Int J Polym Anal 13:463–470
Hiller W, Pasch H, Macko T, Hoffmann M, Ganz J, Spraul M, Braumann U, Streck R, Mason J, Van Damme F (2006) J Magn Reson 183:290–302
Miller ME, Giddings JC (1998) J Micro Sep 10:75–78
Mes EPC, de Jonge H, Klein T, Welz R, Gillespie DT (2007) J Chromatogr A 1154:319
Otte T, Brull R, Macko T, Klein T, Pasch H (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:722–730
Otte T, Pasch H, Macko T, Br ull R, Stadler FJ, Kaschta J, Becker F, Buback M (2011) J Chromatogr A 1218:4257–4267
Kamiya T, Ishikawa N, Kambe S, Ikegami N, Nishibu H, Hattori T (1990) ANTEC Proc. 1990 48:871–873
Starck P (1996) Polym Int 40:111
Hosoda S (1988) Polym J 20:383
Flory PJ (1953) Principles of polymer chemistry, Chaps XII and XIII. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Huggins ML, Okamoto H (1967) Chapter A: theoretical considerations. In: Cantow MJ (ed) Polymer fractionation. Academic, New York, pp 1–66
Flory PJ (1948) Trans Farad Soc 51:848
Wild L, Ryle T, Knobeloch D, Peat IR (1982) J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed 20:441
Wild L, Blatz C (1993) In: Chung T (ed) New advances in polyolefins. Plenum, New York, pp 147–157
Alamo R, Mandelkern L (1989) Macromolecules 22:1273
Monrabal B (1994) J Appl Polym Sci 52:491
Alamo RG, Glaser RH, Mandelkern L (1988) J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed 26:2169
Neves CJ, Monteiro E, Habert AC (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 50:817
Soares JBP, Hamielec AE (1995) Macromol Theory Simul 4:305
Glöckner G (1990) J Appl Polym Sci Appl Polym Symp 45:1–24
Parikh D, Childress BS, Knight GW (1991) Structural Characterization of LLDPE by STAF ANTEC Conf Proc 1543
Addison A, Ribeiro M, Deffieux A, Fontanille M (1992) Polymer 33(20):4337
Müller AJ, Hernández ZH, Arnal ML, Sánchez JJ (1997) Successive self-nucleation/annealing (SSA): a novel technique to study molecular segregation during crystallization. Polym Bull 39:465–472
Keating MY, McCord EF (1994) Thermochim Acta 243:129
Müller A, Arnal L (2005) Prog Polym Sci 30:559–603
Wild L, Ryle T (1977) Polym Prepr 18:182
Wild L, Ryle T, Knobeloch D (1982) Polym Prepr 3:133
Desreux V, Spiegels ML (1950) Bull Soc Chim Belg 59:476
Hawkins SW, Smith H (1958) J Polym Sci 23:341
Shirayama K, Okada T, Kita SI (1965) J Polym Sci A 3:907
Wild L (1991) Adv Polym Sci 98:1–47
Monrabal B (1996) In: Hosoda S (ed) New trends in polyolefin science and technology. Research Signpost, Trivandrum, p 126
Fonseca CA, Harrison IR (1999) In: Pethrick RA (ed) Modern techniques for polymer characterisation. Wiley, New York, pp 1–13
Soares JBP, Hamielec AE (1995) Polymer 36(8):1639
Soares JBP, Hamielec AE (1999) In: Pethrick RA (ed) Modern techniques for polymer characterisation. Wiley, New York, pp 15–55
Monrabal B (2000) Temperature rising elution fractionation and crystallization analysis fractionation. In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry. Wiley, Chichester, pp 8074–8094
Hazlitt LG (1990) J Appl Polym Sci Appl Polym Symp 45:25
Monrabal B, Ortin A, Romero L (1999) In: Proceedings of the 12th International symposium on polymer analysis and characterization (ISPAC), La Rochelle, 28 June 1999
Monrabal B, Sancho-Tello J, Mayo N, Romero L (2007) Macromol Symp 257:71–79
Yau W, Gillespies D (2001) Polymer 42:8947
Monrabal B (2004) Microstructure Characterization of Polyolefins. TREF and CRYSTAF. In: Proceedings of the 17th International symposium on polymer analysis and characterization (ISPAC), Heidelbergh, 6–9 June 2004
Monrabal B, Romero L, Mayo N, Sancho-Tello J (2009) Macromol Symp 282:14–24
Iiba K, Kusano Y, Sakata K (2010) Novel approach for determination of precise crystallinity distribution by TREF. In: Proceedings 3rd international conference on polyolefin characterization (ICPC), Shanghai, November 2010
Boisson C, Boyron O, Macko T, Cossoul E, Baverel Laetitia, Martigny E (2013) Homogeneous copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins synthesized with metallocene catalysts and their use as standards for TREF calibration. In: Proceedings 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012. Macromolecular Symposia (in press)
Monrabal B, Blanco J, Nieto J, Soares J (1999) J Polym Sci 37:89–93
Soares J, Monrabal B, Nieto J, Blanco J (1998) Macromol Chem 199:1917–1926
Stehling CF (1990) International Patent WO 90/03414
Davey CR et al (1994) US Patent 5,322,728
Monrabal B (2007) Microstructure characterization of polyolefins. In: Abstracts advances in polyolefins, 23–26 September 2007, Santa Rosa. ACS, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Blacksburg
Siriwongsarn E, Anantawaraskul S, Chokputtanawuttilerd N, Alghyamah A, Soares J (2012) Macromol Chem Phys 213:1892–1906
Monrabal B (1991) Crystallization analysis fractionation. US Patent 5,222,390
Anantawaraskul S, Soares J, Jirachaithorn P (2007) Macromol Symp 257:94–102
Monrabal B, del Hierro P (2011) Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Sep Sci Macromol 399(4):1557–1561
Monrabal B (2007) CEF. Patent WO 2007/104804 A2
Glöckner G (1992) Gradient HPLC of copolymers and chromatographic cross-fractionation. Springer, Berlin
Pasch H, Trathnigg B (1998) HPLC of polymers. Springer, Berlin
Macko T, Brull R, Zhu Y, Wang Y (2010) J Sep Sci 33:3446–3454
Lehtinen A, Paukkeri R (1994) Macromol Chem Phys 195:1539–1556
Macko T, Pasch H, Kazakevich YV, Fadeev AY (2003) J Chromatogr A 988:69
Heinz LC, Pasch H (2005) Polymer 46:12040
Albrecht A, Heinz LC, Lilge D, Pasch H (2007) Macromol Symp 257:46–55
Albrecht A, Brüll R, Macko T, Pasch H (2007) Macromolecules 40:5545–5551
Dolle V, Albrecht A, Brull R, Macko T (2011) Macromol Chem Phys 212:959–970
Pasch H, Albrecht A, Brüll R, Macko T, Hiller W (2009) Macromol Symp 282:71–80
Macko T, Pasch H (2009) Macromolecules 42:6063–6067
Macko T, Brüll R, Wang Y, Coto B, Suarez I (2011) J Appl Polym Sci 122:3211–3217
Macko T, Brüll R, Alamo RG, Stadler FJ, Losi S (2011) Anal Bioanal Chem 399:1547–1556
Miller MD, de Groot W, Lyons JW, Van Damme FA, Winniford BL (2012) J Appl Polym Sci 123:1238–1244
Roy A, Miller MD, Meunier DM, de Groot AW, Winniford WL, Van Damme FA, Pell RJ, Lyons JW (2010) Macromolecules 43:3710–3720
Ginsburg A, Macko T, Dolle V, Bruell R (2011) Eur Polym J 47:319–329
Cheruthazhekatt S, Pijpers TFJ, Harding GW, Mathot VBF, Pasch H (2012) Macromolecules 45:2025–2034
Chang T, Lee HC, Lee W, Park S, Ko C (1999) Macromol Chem Phys 200(10):2188
Cong R, de Groot AW, Parrott A, Yau W, Hazlitt L, Brown R, Cheatham M, Miller MD, Zhou Z (2012) Macromol Symp 312:108–114
Cong R, de Groot W, Parrott A, Yau W, Hazlitt L, Brown R, Miller M, Zhou Z (2011) Macromolecules 44:3062–3072
Monrabal B, Mayo N, Cong R (2012) Macromol Symp 312:115–129
Cong et al (2011) Patent WO 084786 A1
Cong et al (2012) Determination of the microstructure of polyolefins using thermal gradient interaction chromatography and its hyphenated techniques. In: Proceedings 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012
Monrabal B (2011) New tools in the characterization of polyolefin microstructure. In: Abstracts advances in polyolefins, 25–28 September 2011, Santa Rosa. ACS, Polymer Chemistry Division, Blacksburg
Monrabal B, Lopez E (2013) Advances in thermal gradient interaction chromatography and crystallization techniques for composition analysis in polyolefins. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on polyolefin characterization, Houston, October 2012. Macromolecular symposia 2013 (in press)
Aust N, Beytollahi-amtmann I, Lederer K (1995) Int J Polym Anal Character 1:245
Faldi A, Soares JBP (2001) Polymer 42:3057–3066
Nakano, Goto Y (1981) Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co, Ltd. J Appl Polym Sci 26:4217–4231
Li Pi Shan C, Gillespie D, Hazlitt L (2005) The Dow Chemical Company. Ecorep, Lyon
Gillespie D, Hazlitt L, Li Pi Shan C (2006) In: Proceedings 1st international conference on polyolefin characterization (ICPC), Houston, October 2006
Ortín A, Monrabal B, Sancho-Tello J (2007) Macromol Symp 257:13–28
Monrabal B (2012) Advances in microstructure characterization of polyolefins. In: Proceedings Chemelot International Polyolefins Symposium (CIPS), Maastricht, 7–10 October 2012
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Monrabal, B. (2013). Polyolefin Characterization: Recent Advances in Separation Techniques. In: Kaminsky, W. (eds) Polyolefins: 50 years after Ziegler and Natta I. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 257. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2013_216
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2013_216
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40807-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40808-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)