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Polysialic Acid in Brain Development and Synaptic Plasticity

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SialoGlyco Chemistry and Biology I

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 366))

Abstract

Polymers of sialic acid can be produced by pro- and eukaryotic cells. In vertebrates polysialic acid consists of α2,8-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid and is most prominent during nervous system development. Polysialic acid is produced by two complementary sialyltransferases, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV. The major, but not the only, carrier of polysialic acid is the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). In this review we highlight how polySia dictates the interactions of various cell types during development and plasticity of the vertebrate central nervous system on different molecular levels. Recent progress in generating mouse models with differential ablation of the polysialyltransferases or NCAM revealed the dramatic impact of polysialic acid-negative NCAM on brain development and elaborate electrophysiological studies allowed for new insights into the role of polysialic acid in regulating synaptic plasticity and learning. The implications of dysregulated polysialylation for brain disease and neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed.

This work has been supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Neuroscience Program of the Compagnia di San Paolo, and BMBF grant 01EW1106/NeuConnect in the frame of ERA-NET NEURON.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The most commonly used abbreviation for polysialic acid in neuroscience is PSA but in tumor biology, PSA stands for prostate specific antigen. To avoid confusion we prefer to use polySia to abbreviate polysialic acid.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    Herbert Hildebrandt

  2. Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) & The Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany

    Alexander Dityatev

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Correspondence to Herbert Hildebrandt .

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Hildebrandt, H., Dityatev, A. (2013). Polysialic Acid in Brain Development and Synaptic Plasticity. In: SialoGlyco Chemistry and Biology I. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 366. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2013_446

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