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THE ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF GINSENOSIDES

  • Chapter
Allelochemicals: Biological Control of Plant Pathogens and Diseases

Part of the book series: Disease Management of Fruits and Vegetables ((DMFV,volume 2))

Abstract

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a perennial herb valued for the medicinal properties of its large, fleshy tap root. These medicinal properties are purported to be due to the triterpenoid saponins, or ginsenosides, that accumulate to 3–6% of the root dry weight. We asked the question: what is the ecological role of ginsenosides in Panax species? In addressing this question, we have determined that ginsenosides, like other saponins, possess fungitoxic properties, although different fungi and oomycotan organisms appear to be differentially affected by them in vitro. In order to play an allelopathic role, however, ginsenosides must be present in the soil at biologically active (i.e., ecologically relevant) concentrations. Results to date support the hypothesis that ginsenosides are phytoanticipins and serve as host resistance factors. The success of certain pathogens (e.g., Pythium cactorum, Pythium irregulare, Cylindrocarpon destructans) on ginseng may arise from their ability to detoxify or otherwise utilize ginsenosides as a nutritive source or growth stimulating factor, while other soil borne organisms appear susceptible to their fungitoxic properties. Ginsenosides have been isolated from rhizosphere soil and root exudates suggesting that these compounds are involved in allelopathic interactions between the host plant and soil fungi. Ultimately this allelopathic interaction may influence the fungal diseases of ginseng.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada

    MARK A. BERNARDS & LINA F. YOUSEF

  2. NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    ROBERT W. NICOL

Authors
  1. MARK A. BERNARDS
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  2. LINA F. YOUSEF
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  3. ROBERT W. NICOL
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Delhi, India

    INDERJIT

  2. University of Delhi, India

    K.G. MUKERJI

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BERNARDS, M.A., YOUSEF, L.F., NICOL, R.W. (2006). THE ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF GINSENOSIDES. In: INDERJIT, MUKERJI, K. (eds) Allelochemicals: Biological Control of Plant Pathogens and Diseases. Disease Management of Fruits and Vegetables, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4447-X_8

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