Abstract
While Road Traffic Accidents continue to be the largest contributor to head injury, falls are usually second in prevalence. This paper looks at numerical modelling techniques, namely multibody body dynamics and finite element methods, in order to reconstruct two real-life accident cases arising from falls. Various modelling strategies are explored, and the results are compared with existing published brain injury tolerance levels.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Watson, W.L. and Ozanne-Smith, J., Injury surveillance in Victoria, Australia: Developing comprehensive injury estimates, Accid. Anal. Prev., 32, 2000, 277–286.
Scallan, E., Staines, A., Fitzpatrick, P., Laffoy, M. and Kelly, A., Injury in Ireland, Report of the Department of Public Health Medicine and Epidemiology, University College Dublin, 2001.
Horgan, T. and Gilchrist, M., The creation of three-dimensional finite element models for simulating head impact biomechanics, Int. J. Crashworthiness, 8(4), 2003, 353–366.
Doorly M.C., Phillips, J.P. and Gilchrist, M.D., Reconstructing real life accidents towards establishing criteria for traumatic head impact injuries, in IUTAM Conference Proceedings on Impact Biomechanics, Dublin, 2005 (this publication).
MADYMO, Version 6.0, TNO Automotive, The Hague, NL, 1999.
Miller, R., Margulies, S., Leoni, M., Nonaka, M., Chen, X., Smith, D. and Meaney, D. (1998), Finite element modeling approaches for predicting injury in an experimental model of severe diffuse axonal injury, in 42th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 983154, 155–166.
Yoganandan, N., Pintar, F.A., Sances Jr., A., Walsh, P.R., Ewing, C.L., Thomas, D.J. and Snyder, R.G., Biomechanics of skull fractures, J. Neurotrauma, 12, 1995, 659–668.
Allsop, D.L., Perl, T.R. and Warner, C.Y., Force/deflection and fracture characteristics of the temporo-parietal region of the human head, in Proc. 35th Stapp Car Crash Conf., 1991, 269–278.
Löwenhielm, P., Mathematical simulation of gliding contusions, J. Biomech., 8, 1975, 351–356.
Margulies, S. and Thibault, L., A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man, J. Biomech., 25(8), 1992, 917–923.
Auer, C., Schonpflug, M., Beier, G. and Eisenmenger, W., An analysis of brain injuries in real world pedestrian traffic accidents by computer simulation reconstruction, in Proc. Int. Soc. Biomechanics XVIIIth Congress, Zurich, 2001.
Newman, J., Shewchenko, N. and Welbourne, E., A proposed new biomechanical head injury assessment function — the maximum power index, in 44th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 2000-01-SC16, 2000.
Gennarelli, T.A. and Thibault, L.E., ‘Biomechanics of acute subdural haematoma', J. Trauma, 22, 1982, 680–686.
Pincemaille, Y., Troisseille, P., Mack, P., Tarriere, C., Breton, F. and Renault, B., Some new data related to human tolerance obtained from volunteer boxers, in Proc. of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 892435, 1979.
Prasad, P. and Mertz, H., The position of the United States delegation to the ISO working group 6 on the use of HIC in the automotive environment, Technical Report, SAE Paper No. 851246, 1985.
Newman, J., A generalized acceleration model for brain injury threshold (GAMBIT), in Proc. International Conf. on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI), 1986, 121–131.
Kleiven, S., Influence of impact direction to the human head in prediction of subdural haematoma, J. Neurotrauma, 20(4), 2003, 365–379.
Willinger, R., Baumgartner, D., Chinn, B. and Neale, M., Head tolerance limits derived from numerical replication of real world accidents, in IRCOBI Conf., Montpellier, 2000, 209–221.
Baumgartner, D., Willinger, R., Shewchenko, N. and Beusenberg, M., Tolerance limits for mild traumatic brain injury derived from numerical head impact replication, in Proc. of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomechanics of Impacts, Isle of Man, 2001, 353–355.
Anderson, R., Brown, C., Blumbergs, P., Scott, G., Finney, J., Jones, N. and McLean, A., Mechanisms of axonal injury: an experimental and numerical study of a sheep model of head impact, in IRCOBI Conf., Sitges, 1999, 107–120.
Galbraith, J., Thibault, L. and Matteson, D., Mechanical and electrical responses of the squid giant axon to simple elongation, J. Biomech. Eng., 115, 1993, 13–22.
Shreiber, D. I., Bain, A. C. and Meaney, D.F., In vivo thresholds for mechanical injury to the blood-brain barrier, in Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 973335, 1997, 277–291.
King, A.I., Yang, K., Zhang, L. and Hardy, W., Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration?, in “Bertil Aldman Award” Lecture, Proc. IRCOBI Conf., Lisbon, 2003, 1–12.
Mohan, D., Bowman, B.M., Snyder, R.G. and Foust, D.R., A biomechanical analysis of head impact injuries to children, J. Biomech. Eng., 101, 1979, 250–260.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Doorly, M., Horgan, T., Gilchrist, M. (2005). Reconstruction of Head Injury Cases Arising from Falls Using the UCD Brain Trauma Model. In: Gilchrist, M.D. (eds) IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 124. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3796-1_44
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3796-1_44
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-3795-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-3796-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)