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Chloroplast to Leaf

  • Chapter
Photosynthetic Adaptation

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 178))

Abstract

Light that plants encounter in the environment originates mostly from the sun. The spectral properties of sunlight fundamentally reflect the surface temperature of the sun (∼5800 K). However, the solar spectrum is modified by the earth’s atmosphere due to absorption by water and CO2, and by scattering. Light can either be expressed in terms of an energy flux or a quantum flux. The energy content of a quanta depends on its wavelength, decreasing as wavelength increases. Energy flux (E, W m−2) can be calculated from quantum flux (I, mol m−2 s−1) for a given wavelength (λ, m) with the following equation: E = IN 0 hc/λ where N 0 is Avogadro’s number (6.02 × 1023), h is Planck’s constant (6.63 × 10−34 J s photon−1) and c is the speed of light (3 × 108 m s−1). For example, 1 µmol quanta m−2 s−1 of 400 nm light is equivalent to 0.3 W m−2, while for 700 nm light it is 0.17 W m−2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    John R. Evans

  2. Botany and Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405-0086, USA

    Thomas C. Vogelmann

  3. Department of Biology, St. Marys College, St. Marys City, MD, 20686-3001, USA

    William E. Williams & Holly L. Gorton

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  1. Department of Biology, Wakeforest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA

    William K. Smith

  2. 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405-0086

    Thomas C. Vogelmann

  3. Department of Botany, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia

    Christa Critchley

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Evans, J.R., Vogelmann, T.C., Williams, W.E., Gorton, H.L. (2004). Chloroplast to Leaf. In: Smith, W.K., Vogelmann, T.C., Critchley, C. (eds) Photosynthetic Adaptation. Ecological Studies, vol 178. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27267-4_2

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