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Electron-Electron Double Resonance

  • Chapter
Biomedical EPR, Part B: Methodology, Instrumentation, and Dynamics

Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 24/B))

Abstract

Electron Electron Double Resonance (ELDOR) consisting of a strongly saturating continuous wave (CW) pump microwave source and a nonsaturating observing source, can be used in a field swept display to monitor saturation-transfer mechanisms such as Heisenberg Exchange, nitrogen nuclear relaxation, and rotational diffusion. 2D pulse ELDOR techniques known as DEER or PELDOR using two separate microwave frequencies or a similar “2 + 1” technique using a single frequency have been configured for probing dipolar interactions up to 8 nm. Spin-echo ELDOR techniques have been developed to study slow motions in a wide range of biological problems. Two-dimensional Fourier transform techniques permit all combinations of pump and probe frequencies with nanosecond time resolution making it possible to study the microscopic orientations of a system. Multiquantum ELDOR techniques have been developed to measure the transfer of magnetization and not a reduction factor as measured in a field swept ELDOR.

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Kispert, L.D. (2005). Electron-Electron Double Resonance. In: Eaton, S.R., Eaton, G.R., Berliner, L.J. (eds) Biomedical EPR, Part B: Methodology, Instrumentation, and Dynamics. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 24/B. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48533-8_6

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