Abstract
Urbanization and the growth of cities is driven largely by the ability of cities to use materials more efficiently, to bring people together, and to provide better access to health care, education, and employment. Accompanying that urbanization and growth, however, is an increasing stream of waste. As more people move from the countryside to urban areas, their per capita waste levels are rising, commensurate with the higher-consumption lifestyles associated with cities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
Senthil Velsivasakthivel and Natarajan Nandini, “Airborne Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Concentrated Municipal Solid Waste Dumping Site of Bangalore, Karnataka, India,” International Research Journal of Environment Sciences 3, no. 10 (2014): 43–46.
- 2.
Jenna R. Jambeck et al., “Plastic Waste Inputs from Land into the Ocean,” Science 347, no. 6223 (2015): 768–71; World Economic Forum, The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the Future of Plastics (Geneva: 2016).
- 3.
S. Solomon et al., eds., Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
- 4.
International Solid Waste Association, Waste and Climate Change (Vienna: 2009).
- 5.
Daniel Hoornweg, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Christopher Kennedy, “Peak Waste: When Is It Likely to Occur?” Journal of Industrial Ecology 19, no. 1 (2015): 117–28.
- 6.
Ibid. Table 14–1 from Daniel Hoornweg and Perinaz Bhada-Tata, What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012), 5.
- 7.
Table 14–1 from Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata, What a Waste.
- 8.
European Environment Agency (EEA), Waste Opportunities: Past and Future Climate Benefits from Better Municipal Waste Management in Europe (Copenhagen: 2011).
- 9.
European Topic Centre on Resource and Waste Management, Municipal Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases (Copenhagen: January 2008).
- 10.
Global Methane Initiative, Global Methane Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities (Washington, DC: September 2011).
- 11.
EEA, Waste Opportunities.
- 12.
Seoul Solution, “Key Policies: Recycling (Smart Waste Management in Seoul),” November 2014, https://seoul solution.kr/content/recycling-smart-waste-management-seoul?language = en.
- 13.
John Craig, “‘Seattle Stomp’ Blamed in Garbage Rate Increase,” The Spokesman-Review (Spokane, WA), January 26, 1995.
- 14.
Amy Brittain and Steven Rich, “Is D.C.’s 5-cent Fee for Plastic Bags Actually Serving Its Purpose?” Washington Post, May 9, 2015.
- 15.
Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), Urban Informal Workers and the Green Economy (Cambridge, MA: undated).
- 16.
Daniel Hoornweg, Laura Thomas, and Lambert Otten, Composting and Its Applicability in Developing Countries (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000).
- 17.
Nikita Naik, Ekaterina Tkachenko, and Roy Wung, The Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste in California (Berkeley, CA: University of California at Berkeley, 2013); Thomas DiStefano and Lucas Belenky, “Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste,” Journal of Environmental Engineering (November 2009): 1,097–1,105.
- 18.
CalRecycle, Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Technologies (Sacramento: September 17, 2013).
- 19.
Table 14–3 from Ibid., 5.
- 20.
Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, “Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Waste-to-Energy,” www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html.
- 21.
World Business Council for Sustainable Development, “Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI)” (Geneva, Washington, DC, and New Delhi: 2014), 1.
- 22.
Youngchul Byun et al., “Thermal Plasma Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW),” in Yongseung Yun, ed., Gasification for Practical Applications (Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012).
- 23.
Ibid.
- 24.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reducing Greenhouse Gases Through Recycling and Composting (Washington, DC: May 2011); Global Methane Initiative, “Global Methane Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities” (Washington, DC: undated).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Worldwatch Institute
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhada-Tata, P., Hoornweg, D. (2016). Solid Waste and Climate Change. In: State of the World. State of the World. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-756-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-756-8_20
Publisher Name: Island Press, Washington, DC
Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-569-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-61091-756-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)