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Metal-ceramic bond mechanism of the Co-Cr alloy denture with original rough surface produced by selective laser melting

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Abstract

The porcelain fracture caused by low metal-ceramic bond strength is a critical issue in porcelain fused to metal(PFM) restorations. Surface roughening methods, such as sand blasting, acid etching and alkaline degreasing for the metal matrix are used to increase bond strength. However, the metal matrix of PFM processed by selective laser melting(SLM) has natural rough surface. To explore the effect of the original roughness on metal-ceramic bond strength, two groups of specimen are fabricated by SLM. One group of specimen surface is polished smooth while another group remains the original rough surface. The dental porcelain is fused to the specimens’ surfaces according to the ISO 9693:1999 standard. To gain the bond strength, a three-point bending test is carried out and X ray energy spectrum analysis(EDS), scanning electron microscope(SEM) are used to show fracture mode. The results show that the mean bond strength is 116.5 ± 16 MPa of the group with rough surface(R a=17.2), and the fracture mode is cohesive. However, when the surface is smooth (R a=3.8), the mean bond strength is 74.5 MPa ± 5 MPa and the fracture mode is mixed. The original surface with prominent structures formed by the partly melted powder particles, not only increases surface roughness but also significantly improves the bond strength by forming strong mechanical lock effect. Statistical analysis (Student’s t-test) demonstrates a significant difference (p<0.05) of the mean value of bond strength between the two groups. The experiments indicate the natural rough surface can enhance the metal-ceramic bond strength to over four times the minimum value (25 MPa) of the ISO 9693:1999 standard. It is found that the natural rough surface of SLM-made PFM can eliminate the porcelain collapse defect produced by traditional casting method in PFM restorations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Lab of Materials Processing and Die&Mold Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Sheng Zhang, Tian Xu, Qingsong Wei & Yusheng Shi

  2. Hospital of Stomatology, WuHan University, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Yong Li

  3. School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK

    Liang Hao

Authors
  1. Sheng Zhang
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  2. Yong Li
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  3. Liang Hao
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  4. Tian Xu
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  5. Qingsong Wei
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  6. Yusheng Shi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qingsong Wei.

Additional information

This project is supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering Research Exchanges with China and UK (Grant No. 2012-P02), and National Key Technology R&D Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2012BAF08B03), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51375189)

ZHANG Sheng, born in 1984, is currently a PhD candidate at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. His research interests include metal additive manufacturing.

LI Yong, born in 1973, is currently a dental technician at Stomatological Hospital, Wuhan University, China. His research interests include the application of CAD/CAM in prosthodontics.

HAO Liang, born in 1972, is currently a senior lecturer at University of Exeter, UK. His research interests include additive manufacturing and the functional materials.

XU Tian, born in 1989, is currently a graduate student at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. Her research interests include the process of additive manufacturing.

WEI Qingsong, born in 1975, is currently an associate professor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. He received his PhD degree from in 2006. His research interests include additive manufacturing and near net shape forming.

SHI Yusheng, born in 1962, is currently a professor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. His research interests include additive manufacturing and near net shape forming.

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Zhang, S., Li, Y., Hao, L. et al. Metal-ceramic bond mechanism of the Co-Cr alloy denture with original rough surface produced by selective laser melting. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 27, 69–78 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2014.01.069

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3901/CJME.2014.01.069

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