Abstract
Tribotechnical testing results are presented for novel carbon–carbon composites (CCCs) based on a pitch matrix and a pyrocarbon matrix material, developed by foreign companies for aircraft multidisk brakes. The carbon composites under consideration differ in the internal structure affected both by the technology of carbon fiber production and by the level of thermal treatment, as well as by many other factors. The length of the fibers used for the reinforcement of the composite matrix is varied, too. The tribotechnical properties have been determined using a laboratory tribometer according to a ring-to-ring contact scheme for normal loads ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 MPa and sliding velocities ranging from 1 to 4 m/s. The experimental investigation has been carried out with the use of a two-factor experimental design method. In order to eliminate the intense oxidation of the samples caused by the frictional heating thereof, the testing has been performed in an inert gas environment. The friction film has been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy using a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm for excitation. The tribotechnical properties of the developed materials have been determined to demonstrate that the temperature on the friction surface exerts a significant effect on the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the material. It has been found that a frictional film is formed on a friction surface, resulting from the formation of the third body, whose film, in turn affects the tribotechnical properties of the friction pair. Depending on the structure of the composite and the maximum temperature on the friction surface, the friction film can consist both mainly of a matrix, and mainly of carbon fibers.
REFERENCES
Hutton, T.J., Johnson, D., and McEnaney, B., Effects of fibre orientation on the tribology of a model carbon-carbon composite, Wear, 2001, vol. 249, pp. 647–655.
Xiao, P., Li, Z., and Xiong, X., Microstructure and tribological properties of 3D needle-punched C/C–SiC brake composites, Solid State Sci., 2010, vol. 12, pp. 617–623.
Zhang, J.C., Luo, R.Y., Xiang, Q., and Yang, C., Compressive fracture behavior of 3D needle-punched carbon/carbon composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, vol. 528, p. 5002.
Wu, S., Liu, Y., Ge, Y., Ran, L., Peng, K., and Yi, M., Structural transformation of carbon/carbon composites for aircraft brake pairs in the braking process, Tribol Int., 2016, vol. 102, pp. 497–506.
Luo, R., Huai, X., Qu, J., Ding, H., and Xu, S., Effect of heat treatment on the tribological behavior of 2D carbon/carbon composites, Carbon, 2003, vol. 41, no. 14, pp. 2693–2701.
Yu, S., Zhang, F., Xiong, X., Li, Y., Tang, N., Koizumi, Y., and Chiba, A., Tribological properties of carbon/carbon composites withvarious pyrolytic carbon microstructures, Wear, 2013, vol. 304, pp. 103–108.
Lei, B., Yi, M., He, L., Xu, H., Ran, H., Ge, Y., and Peng, K., Structural and chemical study of C/C composites before and after braking tests, Wear, 2011, vol. 272, pp. 1–6.
Bokobza, L., Bruneel, J.-L., and Couzi, M., Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the analysis of carbon-based materials (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, multilayer graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes) and of some of their elastomeric composites, Vibr. Spectrosc., 2014, vol. 74, pp. 57–63.
Narita, N., Kurosaki, K., and Herai, T., Friction mechanism of C/C composites, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Carbon, Japan, 1990, pp. 386–389.
Chen, J.D. and Ju, C.P., Low energy tribological behavior of carbon-carbon composites, Carbon, 1995, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 57–62.
Chen, J.D. and Ju, C.P., Friction and wear of PAN/pitch-, PAN/CVI- and Pitch/Resin/CVI-based carbon/carbon composites, Wear, 1994, vol. 174, nos. 1–2, pp. 129–135.
Crocker, P. and McEnaney, B., Oxidation and fracture of a woven 2D carbon-carbon composite, Carbon, 1991, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 881–885.
Pogodin, V.A., Astapov, A.N., Eremkina, M.S., Babay-tsev, A.V., and Rabinskiy, L.N., Investigation of the low-temperature oxidation effect on the structure and mechanical properties of C/C composite, Nanosci. Technol., 2021, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 29–46.
Bukovskiy, P.O., Morozov, A.V., and Kirichenko, A.N., Influence of running-in on the friction coefficient of C/C composite materials for aircraft brakes, J. Frict. Wear, 2020, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 448–456.
Chichinadze, A.V., Albagachiev, A.Y., Kozhemyakina, V.D., Kokonin, S.S., Suvorov, A.V., and Kulakov, V.V., Assessment of friction and wear characteristics of domestic friction composite materials in loaded aircraft brakes, J. Frict. Wear, 2009, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 261–270.
Zhang, J., Luo, R., Xiang, Q., and Yang, C., Compressive fracture behavior of 3D needle-punched carbon/carbon composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, vol. 528, no. 15, pp. 5002–5006.
Deng, H., Li, K., Cui, H., Li, H., He, Yi., Zheng, J., and Song, G., Floating catalyst chemical vapor infiltration of nanofilamentous carbon reinforced carbon/carbon composites—tribological behavior and wear mechanism, Tribol. Int., 2018, vol. 121, pp. 231–240.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors express gratitude to researcher T.I. Murav’eva, researcher O.O. Shcherbakova, and junior researcher I.V. Shkaley of the Tribological Laboratory of the Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences for conducting microscopic studies on the presented composites.
Funding
This study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-19-00548-P).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by O. Polyakov
About this article
Cite this article
Bukovskiy, P.O., Morozov, A.V., Kulakov, V.V. et al. High-Temperature Tribotechnical Properties of Carbon–Carbon Friction Composites. J. Frict. Wear 43, 322–329 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366622050026
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068366622050026