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In situ ion irradiation of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes

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  • FOCUS ISSUE: In-situ Study of Materials Transformation
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Abstract

Understanding of structural and morphological evolution in nanomaterials is critical in tailoring their functionality for applications such as energy conversion and storage. Here, we examine irradiation effects on the morphology and structure of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes in comparison with their crystalline counterpart, anatase TiO2 nanotubes, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ ion irradiation TEM, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Anatase TiO2 nanotubes exhibit morphological and structural stability under irradiation due to their high concentration of grain boundaries and surfaces as defect sinks. On the other hand, amorphous TiO2 nanotubes undergo irradiation-induced crystallization, with some tubes remaining only partially crystallized. The partially crystalline tubes bend due to internal stresses associated with densification during crystallization as suggested by MD calculations. These results present a novel irradiation-based pathway for potentially tuning structure and morphology of energy storage materials.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation awards DMR-1838604 and DMR-1838605. The authors thank Dr. Chris Gilpin at Purdue University for his assistance with electron microscopy. The authors also thank Prof. Kejie Zhao for fruitful discussion on mechanical responses of nanotubes. A.S. was supported by the Center for Thermal Energy Transport Under Irradiation, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. In situ TEM irradiation was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. This research also made use of the resources of the High Performance Computing Center at Idaho National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nuclear Science User Facilities under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. DOE or the United States Government.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA

    Chao Yang, Amrita Sen & Janelle P. Wharry

  2. Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA

    Tristan Olsen, Yaqiao Wu, Dewen Hou & Hui Xiong

  3. Department of Computer Science, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA

    Miu Lun Lau & Min Long

  4. Fifth Gait Technologies, Colorado Springs, CO, 80919, USA

    Kassiopeia A. Smith

  5. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA

    Khalid Hattar

  6. Center for Advanced Energy Studies, 995 MK Simpson Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID, 83401, USA

    Yaqiao Wu & Hui Xiong

  7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, 332 Eastern Parkway, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA

    Badri Narayanan

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  1. Chao Yang
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Yang, C., Olsen, T., Lau, M.L. et al. In situ ion irradiation of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes. Journal of Materials Research 37, 1144–1155 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00516-2

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