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The promise of metal-halide-perovskite solar photovoltaics: A brief review

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Abstract

Solar photovoltaics (PVs) based on metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) have taken the renewable-energy world by storm. The excitement stems from the promise of a high-efficiency, low-cost, and low “carbon-footprint” new PV technology. Here, a brief overview of the important topics pertaining to MHPs, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and perovskite solar modules (PSMs) is presented. The topics include: (1) PSC architectures, (2) MHPs, (3) synthesis and processing of MHP thin films, (4) MHP thin-film microstructures, (5) PSC functional layers, (6) interfacial engineering in PSCs, (7) PSC performance, (8) PSC stability, (9) PSMs, (10) lead toxicity, and (11) mechanical behavior and reliability. The significant challenges in the path toward commercialization of this burgeoning PV technology are also highlighted. Chief among them are scalability, stability, reliability, and safety, while achieving high efficiency, low cost, and low “carbon-footprint.” The promise of this new PV technology and the fascinating underlying science make it a worthwhile endeavor to address these challenges.

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Acknowledgments

I thank the members of my research group, current (Z. Dai, M.C. Doyle, H.F. Garces, M. Layek, A. Ranka, and  I. Yang) and former (C.E. Athanasiou, M. Chen, Q. Dong, O.S. Game, J. Gong, M. Hu, H. Khassaf, T. Liu, A.R. Krause, C. Ramírez, B.S. Senturk, H. Sternlicht, A.L. Vasiliev, Q. Wang, W. Wu, S.K. Yadavalli, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhou, and Y. Zong), and the vast network of collaborators, who have taught me so much about MHPs and PVs. Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 2102210), the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-20-1-2574), and the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy under the Solar Energy Technology Office (Award No. DE-0009511). The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the US Government. Finally, this article is dedicated to the PSC pioneers, and winners of the 50th Rank Prize (2022) for Optoelectronics, who opened up this fascinating new field: (in alphabetical order) M. Grätzel, A. Kojima, M. Lee, T. Miyasaka, N.-G. Park, S.I. Seok, and H.J. Snaith.

Funding

Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 2102210), Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-20-1-2574), and the US Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-0009511).

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    Nitin P. Padture

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Invited review article for the 50th Anniversary issue of the MRS Bulletin (2023).

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Padture, N.P. The promise of metal-halide-perovskite solar photovoltaics: A brief review. MRS Bulletin 48, 983–998 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-023-00585-6

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