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High Expression of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Associates with Unfavorable Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

  • Urologic Oncology
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), a single-pass type III transmembrane tyrosine–protein kinase, is mainly involved in inflammation and immune regulation to facilitate the progression of solid tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CSF-1R expression on clinical outcome of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 268 patients with ccRCC undergoing nephrectomy between 2001 and 2004. Clinicopathologic features and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were collected. Western blot analysis was performed in the pairwise comparisons of CSF-1R expression in peritumor and tumor tissues of patients with ccRCC. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine CSF-1R expression level in tumor specimens. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on CSS. A concordance index was calculated to measure prognostic accuracy. A prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the identified independent prognostic factors.

Results

CSF-1R expression in tumor tissues was higher than in peritumor tissues in 71.4 % (5 of 7) patients. CSF-1R expression of tumor tissues was positively associated with metastasis, tumor, node, metastasis classification system (TNM) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score and poor CSS. CSF-1R expression was determined as an independent prognostic factor for CSS in patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, extension of the well-established prognostic models with CSF-1R expression presented significantly improved prognostic accuracy. An efficient prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

High CSF-1R expression is a potential independent adverse prognostic factor for CSS in patients with ccRCC.

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Acknowledgments

Supported in part by grants from National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB822104), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31100629, 31270863, 31300671, 81372755, 31470794, 81401988, 81402082, 81402085, 81471621, 81472227, 81472376, 31570803, and 81572352), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-13-0146), and Shanghai Rising-Star Program (13QA1400300). All these study sponsors played no role in the study design or in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data

Disclosure

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

      Liu Yang PhD, Yidong Liu PhD & Jiejie Xu MD, PhD

    2. Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

      Huimin An MD & Yu Zhu MD

    3. Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

      Yuan Chang MD

    4. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

      Weijuan Zhang MD, PhD

    5. Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

      Le Xu MD

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    Correspondence to Weijuan Zhang MD, PhD or Jiejie Xu MD, PhD.

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    Liu Yang and Yidong Liu contributed equally to this article, and both should be considered first author.

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    10434_2015_4911_MOESM1_ESM.tif

    Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 10014 kb). The results of “minimum P value” approach showed the score of 135 had the best discriminatory power.

    10434_2015_4911_MOESM2_ESM.tif

    Supplementary material 2 (TIFF 20623 kb). Kaplan-Meier analysis for CSS of patients with ccRCC in each risk group of TNM stage and UISS. Kaplan-Meier analysis for CSS of patients in TNM I+II (n = 194), TNM III+IV (n = 74), UISS low risk (LR) group (n = 100), UISS intermediate risk (IR) group (n = 142) and UISS high risk (HR) group (n = 26), respectively. P value was calculated by log-rank test.

    Supplementary material 3 (DOC 60 kb)

    Supplementary material 4 (DOC 32 kb)

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    Yang, L., Liu, Y., An, H. et al. High Expression of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Associates with Unfavorable Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 23, 1044–1052 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4911-7

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-015-4911-7

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