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Digital circuit implementation and PRNG-based data security application of variable-order fractional Hopfield neural network under electromagnetic radiation using Grünwald-Letnikov method

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Abstract

In this study, for the first time in the literature, a Variable-Order Fractional Hopfield Neural Network Under Electromagnetic Radiation (VOFHNNUER) has been presented. Also, for the first time, Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) based image encryption and data hiding application for VOFHNNUER using Least Significant Bit (LSB) method has been performed and digital circuit implementation over the sound card of a PC has been implemented. In the study, first of all, a numerical solution for VOFHNNUER, which is a four-dimensional chaotic system, has been made with Grünwald-Letnikov method. The obtained time series from the numerical solutions have been physically realized through a sound card in two channels. In addition, using the calculated state variables, a PRNG has been designed and tested with NIST-800-22 test. Finally, a PRNG-based image encryption and data hiding algorithm with the LSB method has been developed and applied for an RGB image. In this algorithm, first, a gray-scale image (message data) was encrypted and then the encrypted image was hidden into the RGB image. So, a two-level data security application has been realized.

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  1. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences/Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Sakarya, Turkey

    Sezgin Kaçar

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Kaçar, S. Digital circuit implementation and PRNG-based data security application of variable-order fractional Hopfield neural network under electromagnetic radiation using Grünwald-Letnikov method. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 1969–1981 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00451-7

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