Canonical analysis of geometrical action for Dp-brane

In this short note we perform canonical analysis of geometrical action for Dp-brane. We also discuss tachyon condensation in case of the geometrical action for unstable D(p+1)-brane.


Introduction and summary
It is well known that effective action for Dp-brane is Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action [1,2] (For review, see for example [3]). The problem with this action is that it is non-polynomial in world-volume coordinates and in world-volume gauge field that makes its analysis rather complicated. Similar situation occurs with fundamental string whose dynamics is governed by Nambu-Gotto form of the action which is again non-polynomial in string coordinates. On the other hand it is well known that it is possible to replace this action with classically equivalent form of the action with world-sheet metric [4][5][6]. An analogue procedure can be performed in case of p-brane [6,7]. On the other hand situation is more involved in case of DBI action due to the presence of the gauge field so that auxiliary metric contains symmetric and anti-symmetric part [7,8]. On the other hand an interesting form of the action for Dp-brane was proposed in [9] which is known as geometrical form of the action. The main advantage of this action is that it depends on quadratic combination of field strength and hence we can introduce auxiliary metric which is symmetric.
Since the form of the action is very interesting and not well known we mean that it deserves to be studied further. In this note we focus on the canonical analysis of the geometrical action as was introduced in [9]. We would like to see whether Hamiltonian is different from the Hamiltonian of DBI action which is given as linear combination of p +1 first a e-mail: klu@physics.muni.cz (corresponding author) class constraints. 1 In case of geometrical action the canonical analysis is more complicated due to the form of Lagrangian density but we again find that this theory has p + 1 first class constraints which has the same form as constraints derived from DBI action. This is certainly nice consistency check that demonstrates that different Lagrangian formulations that are in some way equivalent have the same Hamiltonian. Well known example is Nambu-Gotto and Polyakov form of the string action.
We also briefly discuss geometrical form of unstable D(p+1)-brane action [10][11][12] when we easily generalize analysis that leads to geometrical action. We also study the tachyon condensation in the form of the tachyon kink which is profile of the tachyon field that depends on one world-volume coordinate. We study this problem following very nice analysis presented in [13] where it was argued that it is possible to interpret non-BPS D(p+1)-brane as p+1-dimensional object moving in 11 dimensional space-time where additional coordinate corresponds to the tachyon field T . In fact, such a structure is also manifest in the geometrical form of unstable D(p+1)-brane action studied here. Then the tachyon kink corresponds to the partial gauge fixing when one world-volume coordinate can be identified with the tachyon field. Generally all world-volume fields on this gauge fixed form of the action depend on the tachyon. Then when we restrict ourselves to the low energy effective action we can presume that all world-volume fields do not depend on tachyon we find that resulting action corresponds to the geometrical form of Dpbrane action. Situation when the fluctuations modes depend on T was nicely analyzed in [13] and it was argued there that they are not normalizable and hence cannot be considered as open strings excitations. Rather they can be interpreted as excited closed string states and we recommend the original paper [13] for more details.
Let us outline our result. We found canonical structure of the geometrical action and we showed that it has the same form as in case of the Hamiltonian analysis of DBI action. We also found geometrical form of unstable D(p+1)-brane action and studied tachyon condensation on its world-volume where we showed that it leads to the geometrical form of stable Dp-brane which is nice consistency check of the tachyon condensation.

Canonical formalism of geometrical action for Dp-brane
To begin with we review construction of geometrical action that was performed in [9]. We start with the standard DBI action for Dp-brane that has the form where parameterize embedding of Dp-brane in the target space-time. Further, world-volume of Dp-brane is parameterized by coordinates ξ α , α, β = 0, 1, . . . , p, where ∂ α = ∂ ∂ξ α . φ is the background field known as dilaton and where A α is the gauge field that propagates on the world-volume of Dp-brane. Finally b αβ = B M N ∂ α x M ∂ β x N is an embedding of background NSNS two form to the world-volume of Dp-brane. Geometrical form of the action was derived in [9] using of an important fact that so that we can write As a result we obtain geometrical form of the action It was shown in [9] that the main advantage of this action is that when we introduce auxiliary world-sheet metric we obtain an action that is quadratic in gauge fields. Further, since the action (4) is apparently different from DBI form of the action it is interesting to study it in more detail. In fact, in this note we focus on the canonical analysis of the action (4). Now from (4) we obtain conjugate momenta so that π 0 ≈ 0. Further, the bare Hamiltonian density is equal to To proceed further we use definition of π α given in (5) to introduce M defined as Now using (5) or its equivalent form given above we get that implies an existence of p-primary constraints H i defined as that are standard spatial diffeomorphism constraints.
As the next step we should find Hamiltonian constraint. To do this we have to use crucial properties of the matrix G as follows from its definition given in (3). Namely, it is easy to see that F μν g νρ G ρσ = G μν g νσ F σρ (10) or in matrix notation Using this relation we obtain that, in the end gives an important relation where we also used the fact that F g −1 F = g − G. Further, from (11) we obtain On the other hand using definition of G we get Now if we combine this relation with (14) we obtain Then with the help of these results we can simplify expressions for canonical momenta given in (5) as Now we can proceed to the search for Hamiltonian constraint. We can expect that it will be quadratic in momenta and so that it is natural to consider following combination M G M N N + π i g i j π j . Then, using (17) we obtain To proceed further let us again return to the definition of G given in (3) and write it in the form or in matrix notation Taking inverse of this relation and performing further manipulation we get that implies following relation Now since G 0α F αβ g β0 = 0 as follows from (16) for μ = σ = 0 we obtain important result Inserting this result into (18) we obtain final form of the Hamiltonian constraint We see that the Hamiltonian constraint has the same form as in case of DBI action. In summary, we find that the Hamiltonian formulation of the geometrical action for Dpbrane consists p + 1 primary constraints H i , H τ that are first class constraints which simply follow from the fact that they have the same form as constraints that follow from DBI action. Further, the requirement of the preservation of the primary constraint π 0 ≈ 0 implies secondary constraint G ≡ ∂ i π i ≈ 0 again with agreement with standard DBI action. In other words despite apparently different Lagrangian structure between geometrical and DBI actions we see that their Hamiltonian formulations are the same.

Unstable D(p+1)-brane
The generalization of this approach to the case of unstable D(p+1)-brane is straightforward. To begin with we start with tachyon effective action [10][11][12] where A αβ = g αβ + l 2 s ∂ α T ∂ β T + l 2 s F αβ where T is the tachyon field, V (T ) is tachyon potential with two minima T min = ±∞ where V (T min ) = 0 and one local maximum T max = 0 where V (T max ) = 1. 2 Finally, τ p+1 is tension of unstable D(p+1)-bane.
In order to demonstrate an analogy between tachyon and additional target space coordinate let us introducing variables Y I = (x M , T ) and generalized metric H I J , I, J = 0, . . . , 10 in the form Then it is easy to see that the geometrical action for non-BPS D(p+1)-brane has the form It is clear that the Hamiltonian analysis of this D(p+1)-brane is the same as in case of stable Dp-brane so that we will not repeat it here. On the other hand we would like to see that the tachyon kink solution corresponds to stable Dp-brane.
We study this problem following [13]. Explicitly, tachyon kink solution corresponds to the tachyon profile T = f (z) where z = ξ p+1 and where f (z) is a function with d f dz > 0 for all z. The simplest possibility is f (z) = z and hence tachyon kink solution corresponds to the gauge fixing in the extended space-time with the metric H I J . Clearly generally all world-volume fields still depend on T through the inverse relation z = f −1 (T ). Further, we can take A z = 0 by Tdependent gauge transformations. Following [13] and also [14] we consider situation when all world-volume fields do not depend on T . 3 Let us denote remaining world-volume variables as ξᾱ,ᾱ = 0, 1, . . . , p so that the matrix h αβ has the form Further, the matrix g αβ is equal to so that we obtain Inserting (28) so that when we identify we obtain an geometrical form of action for stable Dp-brane which is again nice consistency check of the tachyon condensation.
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