Tetraquark states with open flavors

In this work, we estimate the masses of tetraquark states with four different flavors by virtue of QCD sum rules, in both b and c sectors. We construct four [8c]b¯s⊗[8c]d¯u\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$[8_c]_{\bar{b} s} \otimes [8_c]_{\bar{d} u}$$\end{document} tetraquark currents with JP=0+\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$J^P = 0^+$$\end{document}, and then we perform an analytic calculation up to dimension eight in the operator product expansion. We keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass ms\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$m_\mathrm{s}$$\end{document}, and in the end we find two possible tetraquark states with masses (5.57±0.15)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(5.57 \pm 0.15)$$\end{document} and (5.58±0.15)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(5.58 \pm 0.15)$$\end{document} GeV. We find that their charmed-partner masses lie in (2.54±0.13)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(2.54 \pm 0.13)$$\end{document} and (2.55±0.13)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(2.55 \pm 0.13)$$\end{document} GeV, respectively, and are hence accessible in experiments like BESIII and Belle.


Introduction
Recently, the DØ Collaboration has reported the first observation of a narrow structure, called X (5568), in the decay chain X (5568) → B 0 s π ± , B 0 s → J/ψφ, J/ψ → μ + μ − , φ → K + K − based on the pp collision data at √ s = 1.96 TeV collected at the Fermilab Tevatron collider [1]. Its mass and width were, respectively, measured to be M X = 5567.8 ± 2.9 +0.9 −1.9 MeV and X = 21.9 ± 6.4 +5.0 −2.5 MeV, and the favored quantum number is J P = 0 + . The statistical significance including the look-elsewhere effect and systematic errors is about 5.1 σ . The decay final state B 0 s π + indicates that the component of X(5568) has to be subd, and this is the first observation of a hadronic state with four different flavors. However, more recently a preliminary analysis on data collected √ s = 7 and 8 TeV by the LHCb Collaboration does not confirm the existence of state X(5568) [2]. The contradictory information from DØ and LHCb Collaborations on X(5568) is very interesting and urges more investigations of related topics. a e-mail: tangl@hebtu.edu.cn b e-mail: qiaocf@ucas.ac.cn The observation of X(5568) has immediately inspired extensive discussions on the possibility of its internal structure. Very recently, the authors investigated the X (5568) as a scalar tetraquark state using the approach of QCD sum rules [3][4][5][6][7]. Meanwhile, in Ref. [8], the authors constructed a series of tetraquark currents to calculate the corresponding mass in the framework of QCD sum rules, and their results support the X(5568) as a tetraquark state with quantum numbers J P = 0 + or 1 + . Wang and Zhu [9] employed the effective Hamiltonian approach to calculate the mass of the tetraquark state. The molecular picture of X b was carried out in Ref. [10] using the QCD sum rules, where the X b (5568) was taken as the BK bound states. Assuming the X(5568) as the S-wave BK molecular state, Xiao and Chen discussed the decay of X (5568) → B 0 s π + in Ref. [11]. Besides, a number of works analyzing the structure of X(5568) were accomplished based on other theoretical methods [12][13][14][15], and its decay property was investigated in Refs. [6,7,16].
It is to be noted that according to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), there exists a tetraquark configuration, which is composed of two color-octet parts. Since there exists a QCD interaction, it is different from the molecular state with two color-singlet mesons. That is to say, it could decay to two mesons by exchanging one or more gluons. Therefore, the study of the color-octet tetraquark state is very important for possible new hadron states. In this work, we will construct four color-octet tetraquark currents, and we calculate their masses by means of QCD sum rules.
After the introduction, we present the primary formulas of the QCD sum rules in Sect. 2. The numerical analyses and related figures are shown in Sect. 3. Finally, we give a short summary of the tetraquark states with open flavors in Sect. 4.

Formalism
In this work, we study the color-octet tetraquark state with J P = 0 + via the approach of the QCD sum rules [17][18][19][20][21]. In the literature, the color-octet-octet type currents have been used to study the scalar, vector, and axial-vector tetraquark states [22][23][24][25]. The starting point of the QCD sum rules is the two-point correlation function constructed from two hadronic currents. For a scalar state as considered in this work, the two-point correlation function has the following form: Here j (x) and j (0) are the above-mentioned hadronic currents with J P = 0 + , and they are constructed as follows: where j, k, m, and n are color indices, t a is the generator of the group SU c (3). Here, the subscripts A, B, C, and D represent the currents composed of two 0 − color-octet constituents, two 0 + , two 1 − , and two 1 + , respectively. We will take into account all these currents in the following calculation. The principle of quark-hadron duality is the basic assumption to employ the approach of the QCD sum rules, as shown in Refs. [21,26]. Hence, on the one hand, the correlation function (q 2 ) can be calculated at the quark-gluon level, where the operator product expansion (OPE) is employed; on the other hand, it can be expressed at the hadron level, in which the coupling constant and mass of the hadron are introduced.
In order to calculate the spectral density of the OPE side, the full propagators S q i j (x) and S Q i j ( p) of a light quark (q = u, d or s) and a heavy quark (Q = c or b) are used: where the vacuum condensates are clearly displayed. Note that these full propagators of QCD for both light and heavy quarks have been explained in Ref. [27]. Accordingly, based on the dispersion relation, the correlation function (q 2 ) at the quark-gluon level can be obtained: in which the subscript i runs from A to D, and represent those contributions of the correlation function that do not have imaginary parts but have nontrivial values after the Borel transform.
Applying the Borel transform to the quark-gluon side, we have In order to take into account the effects induced by the mass of the strange quark, we keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass m s in the following calculations. For all the tetraquark states considered in this article, we put the detailed formulas of spectral densities in Eq. (10) into the appendix.
On the hadron side, after isolating the ground state contribution of the tetraquark state, we obtain the correlation function (q 2 ), which is expressed as a dispersion integral over a physical regime, where M i X is the mass of the tetraquark state with J P = 0 + , and ρ i X (s) is the spectral density that contains the contributions from the higher excited states and the continuum states, s 0 is the threshold of the higher excited states and continuum states. The coupling constant λ X is defined by 0| j i X |X = λ i X , where X is the lowest lying tetraquark state.
Performing the Borel transform on the hadron side (Eq. (11)) and then matching it to Eq. (10), we can obtain the mass of the scalar tetraqark state with open flavors: where X denotes the tetraquark state and

Numerical results
The expressions of the QCD sum rules contain various input parameters, such as the condensates and the quark masses. As shown in Refs. [5,8,[17][18][19][20][21]28], we take these values as Moreover, there exist two additional parameters M 2 B and s 0 introduced by the QCD sum rules, which should be fixed in accordance with the standard procedures. In Refs. [17][18][19]21], there are two criteria to constrain the parameter M 2 B and the threshold s 0 . The first criterion is the convergence of the OPE. That is, we need to compare the relative contribution of each term to the total contributions of the OPE side, and choose a reliable region of M 2 B to retain their convergence. Second, the pole contribution (PC) defined as the pole contribution (corresponding to the contribution of the ground state) divided by the total contribution (pole plus continuum) should be larger than 50 % [21,29]. Thus, we can safely eliminate the contributions of the higher excited and continuum states.
Meanwhile, in order to find a proper value of √ s 0 , we perform a similar analysis as in Refs. [30,31]. Because the continuum threshold s 0 is connected to the mass of the ground state by the relation √ s 0 ∼ (M X + δ) GeV, in which δ lies in the range of 0.4-0.8 GeV, various √ s 0 satisfying this constraint should be taken into account in the numerical analyses. Among these values, we need then to pick out the proper one that has an optimal window for Borel parameter M 2 B . That is to say, in this optimal window, the tetraquark mass M X is independent of the Borel parameter M 2 B as much as possible. Finally, the value of √ s 0 corresponding to the optimal mass curve is the central value of √ s 0 . In practice, it is nor- Since the curves that add the condensate terms of g 3 s G 3 , qq g sq σ · Gq , and g 2 s G 2 2 one by one are just straight lines, respectively, we do not show them here mally acceptable to vary the √ s 0 by 0.2 GeV [32,33] in the QCD sum rules calculation, which determines the upper and lower bounds of √ s 0 . Hence, these bounds give rise to the uncertainties of √ s 0 . We illustrate the OPE convergences in Fig. 1a, b, respectively for case A and C. Performing the first criterion, we find the lower limit constraint of M 2 B is M 2 B 3.0 GeV 2 with √ s 0 = 6.3 GeV for both case A and C. The curves of the pole contribution R PC are drawn in Fig. 2a, b, Fig. 3a, b. The Borel parameters, continuum threshold parameters, the pole contributions, and  Table 1. However, we find there does not exist a reasonable region of the parameter M 2 B for both case B and D. Therefore, we can conclude that these two cases do not correspond to any tetraquark states.
Eventually, the masses of the tetraquark states with currents A and C are determined to be where the central value of the mass M X corresponds to the result with the optimal stability of M 2 B , and the errors stem from the uncertainties of the condensates, the quark mass, the threshold parameter √ s 0 , and the Borel parameter M 2 B . Moreover, we predict their charmed partners with masses of (2.54 ± 0.13) and (2.55 ± 0.13) GeV, respectively.

Summary
In this work, we estimate the masses of the tetraquark states  currents with J P = 0 + , and then we perform an analytic calculation up to dimension eight in the OPE. We keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass m s . The numerical results are, respectively, (5.57±0.15) GeV and (5.58 ± 0.15) GeV for case A and C. However, due to the lack of reasonable windows of the Borel parameter M 2 B , case B and D do not correspond to any hadron states. Our results imply that two S-wave octet parts can form a resonance, whereas two P-wave octet parts cannot form a resonance. Therefore, we can speculate that two [8 c ]b s ⊗ [8 c ]d u tetraquark states with J P = 1 + should exist and have a degenerate mass. We will present detailed analyses of tetraquark states with J P = 1 + in our next work.
In conclusion, we find in b-quark sector two possible open-flavor tetraquark states with masses (5.57 ± 0.15) and (5.58 ± 0.15) GeV may exist, while their charmed partners lie in (2.54 ± 0.13) and (2.55 ± 0.13) GeV, respectively, and are hence accessible in experiments like BESIII and Belle. Though a preliminary analysis performed by the LHCb Collaboration does not favor the existence of X (5568) [2], the tetraquark state with open flavors is still an interesting target deserving more explorations.
where M 2 B is the Borel parameter, H α = m 2 b α − α(1 − α)s, and λ = 1 − m 2 b /s. For case B where the current is composed of two 0 + coloroctet parts, we obtain the spectral density as follows: For case C where the current is composed of two 1 − coloroctet parts, we obtain the spectral density as follows: