Precise prediction for the light MSSM Higgs-boson mass combining effective field theory and fixed-order calculations

In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model heavy superparticles introduce large logarithms in the calculation of the lightest CP\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathscr {CP}$$\end{document}-even Higgs-boson mass. These logarithmic contributions can be resummed using effective field theory techniques. For light superparticles, however, fixed-order calculations are expected to be more accurate. To gain a precise prediction also for intermediate mass scales, the two approaches have to be combined. Here, we report on an improvement of this method in various steps: the inclusion of electroweak contributions, of separate electroweakino and gluino thresholds, as well as resummation at the NNLL level. These improvements can lead to significant numerical effects. In most cases, the lightest CP\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathscr {CP}$$\end{document}-even Higgs-boson mass is shifted downwards by about 1 GeV. This is mainly caused by higher-order corrections to the MS¯\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\overline{\text {MS}}}$$\end{document} top-quark mass. We also describe the implementation of the new contributions in the code FeynHiggs.


Introduction
With the discovery of the Higgs boson by the ATLAS [1] and CMS [2] experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider the Standard Model (SM) has been completed; there is, however, still ample room for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. One of the best motivated and studied BSM models is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) realizing the concept of supersymmetry (SUSY). It extends the Higgs sector of the SM by a second complex doublet leading to five physical Higgs particles (h, H , A, and H ± ) and three (would-be) Goldstone bosons. The light C P-even state h can be identified with the discovered boson. At the tree level, the Higgs sector can be conveniently parametrized by the mass of the A boson, M A , and the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two doublets, tan β = v 2 /v 1 . a e-mail: hbahl@mpp.mpg.de b e-mail: hollik@mpp.mpg.de So far, no direct hints for SUSY particles have been found. Still, the SUSY parameter space can be constrained indirectly by precision observables, with the Higgs-boson mass constituting an important precision observable on its own. Since the Higgs mass M h is very sensitive to quantum effects via loop contributions, much work has been dedicated to their calculation within the MSSM. The full one-loop result [3][4][5], the dominant two-loop corrections [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] as well as partial three-loop results [21][22][23] are known. For heavy SUSY particles, fixed-order calculations suffer from large logarithms originating in a potentially huge hierarchy between the electroweak scale and the SUSY scale. Therefore, effective field theory (EFT) calculations have been developed to resum these logarithmic contributions [17,24,25]. Recent works have refined these methods to include gaugino/higgsino thresholds [26][27][28] and to allow for light non-standard Higgs particles [29]. Furthermore, resummation at the next-tonext-to-leading logarithm (NNLL) level has been adressed in [28,30,31].
These computations, however, do not capture the effect of terms that would be suppressed only in the case of a heavy SUSY scale. Thus, fixed-order calculations are expected to be more accurate for low SUSY scales. To gain the most accurate prediction for intermediate SUSY scales, both approaches have to be combined. This allows also to profit from the other advantages of the diagrammatic approach: the easy inclusion of many different SUSY scales, and the full control over the Higgs-boson self-energies, which are needed for other observables (e.g. production and decay rates). The authors of [32] first realized the idea of combining the diagrammatic and the EFT approach and implemented the method into the publicly available program FeynHiggs [8,[32][33][34][35][36], which also contains the complete fixed-order one-loop result as well as dominant two-loop results; NLL resummation was done for the strong and top Yukawa coupling enhanced logarithmic terms beyond the two-loop order. Here, we report on an extension of this work in a threefold respect: the inclusion of the electroweak contributions, the inclusion of separate electroweakino and gluino thresholds, and resummation of logarithms proportional to the top Yukawa coupling and the strong gauge coupling at the NNLL level.
In Sect. 2, we outline the EFT calculation, focusing on the ingredients needed to include electroweak contributions, gaugino/higgsino thresholds and NNLL resummation. In Sect. 3, we describe how the result of the EFT calculation is consistently combined with the fixed-order diagrammatic result. In Sect. 4, we discuss the implementation of the improvements in FeynHiggs. In Sect. 5, we present a numerical analysis showing the impact of the improved version on the calculation of M h , with conclusions in Sect. 6.

Effective field theory calculation
In the case of heavy SUSY particles, large logarithms appear in explicit diagrammatic calculations making a fixed-order calculation an unreliable tool. The origin of this problem is the large hierarchy between the electroweak scale and the SUSY scale. Effective field theory techniques allow one to resum these large logarithms to all orders and thus get stable predictions.
In the simplest EFT framework, all SUSY particles are assumed to share a common mass scale M S (this assumption will be relaxed below), where M S is the stop mass scale, and mt 1,2 are the stop masses. This scale is furthermore assumed to be much heavier than the electroweak scale.
Below M S , all SUSY particles are integrated out from the full theory. Thus, the low energy effective theory below the SUSY scale is the SM. The effective couplings of the EFT are fixed by matching to the full MSSM at the matching scale M S (in the simplest case of an effective SM below M S , this concerns only the Higgs self-coupling λ). All of the other couplings of the EFT are fixed by matching them to physical observables at the electroweak scale [37], e.g. the top Yukawa coupling is extracted from the top-quark pole mass.
In the EFT framework, we calculate the Higgs mass via the relation with the self-coupling λ evaluated at the top-quark pole mass M t and with the electroweak vacuum expectation value v (see [38] and references therein). Since all SUSY particles are integrated out at the electroweak scale, this ensures that all large logarithms which would appear explicitly in a diagrammatic calculation in the full model framework are contained in λ(M t ). λ(M t ) is obtained via renormalization group equations (RGEs) from λ(M S ), which is determined by matching λ to the full MSSM at M S . The running between M S and M t corresponds to a resummation of large logarithms. For the resummation of leading logarithms (LL), one-loop RGEs and tree-level matching conditions are needed; for the resummation of leading and next-to-leading logarithms (NLL), two-loop RGEs and one-loop matching conditions, and, accordingly, for the resummation of leading, next-toleading and next-to-next-to-leading logarithms, three-loop RGEs and two-loop matching conditions.

Electroweak contributions
As a first improvement with respect to [32], we include electroweak contributions in the resummation procedure at the NLL level. Correspondingly, we use the full two-loop RGEs of the SM (see [37] and references therein), including terms proportional to the electroweak gauge couplings g and g (for SU (2) and U (1)), to evolve the SM couplings.
Furthermore, the threshold correction of the Higgs selfcoupling at the SUSY scale has to be extended at the one-loop level by adding the various electroweak one-loop contributions, stop λ is the contribution from the top and stop sector (extended by electroweak contributions in comparison to [32]); heavyH λ, the contribution from the heavy non-SM Higgs bosons; EWino λ the contribution from charginos and neutralinos. The term DR→MS λ accounts for the fact that the tree-level contribution is expressed in terms of MSrenormalized gauge couplings of the SM and not in terms of DR-renormalized gauge couplings of the MSSM. All of these threshold corrections have been derived in previous work [17,24,27,28]. We use the expressions given in [28]. Accordingly, also the relations used to extract SM gauge and Yukawa couplings from physical observables at M t must include electroweak one-loop corrections [37]. This is especially relevant for the MS top-quark mass, respectively the top Yukawa coupling, as will be discussed later in the section on results.

Gaugino-higgsino thresholds
The assumption of a common mass scale for all SUSY particle is quite limiting. To allow for electroweakinos (charginos and neutralinos) lighter than M S (but still much heavier than the electroweak scale), we introduce an additional electroweakino threshold M χ . We assume that all charginos and neutralinos are nearly mass degenerate (having the mass M χ ), where M 1 and M 2 are the electroweak gaugino soft-breaking masses and μ is the Higgsino mass parameter. This means that at M S all SUSY particles but charginos and neutralinos are integrated out. The corresponding EFT below M S , the split model, is the SM with charginos and neutralinos added. The corresponding effective Lagrangian reads [28] The bino field is denoted byB, the wino field byW , and the higgsino fields byH u,d . The ellipsis stands for the associated kinetic terms. The effective Higgs-Higgsino-gaugino couplings are labeledg 1u,... . The number in the subscript refers to the symmetry group U (1) or SU (2), the letter to the involved Higgs doublet. These effective couplings are determined by a one-loop matching of the split model to the full MSSM at the scale M S (for explicit expressions, see [27,28]). All couplings are evolved between the electroweakino scale and the stop mass scale using two-loop split model RGEs, which can be found in [26][27][28]. At the scale M χ , all electroweakinos are integrated out, and the remaining EFT below M χ is the SM. We match the SM to the split model using the threshold corrections given in [27,28], i.e. the term EWino λ in Eq. (3) is now part of the matching condition of λ at M χ . Also the top Yukawa coupling receives a threshold correction at the electroweakino scale. Below M χ the SM RGEs are used for evolving the couplings.
In addition to allowing for light charginos and neutralinos, we also consider the case of a light gluino. This case is implemented by introducing an additional threshold marked by the gluino mass Mg, below which the gluino is integrated out. The gluino is also assumed to be much heavier than the electroweak scale such that eventually the SM is recovered as the EFT close to the electroweak scale. However, no assumption as regards the ordering of Mg and M χ is made, i.e. Mg ≤ M χ as well as Mg > M χ is allowed. Since the gluino does not couple directly to the Higgs boson, no additional one-loop matching condition for λ has to be considered. The same argument applies for the electroweak gauge couplings, the Yukawa couplings (in the absence of sfermions) and the effective Higgs-Higgsino-gaugino couplings of the split model. An explicit calculation also shows that the strong gauge coupling does not receive a threshold correction. However, the presence of the gluino in the EFT above Mg modifies the RGEs (see Appendix A).

NNLL resummation
As a further improvement, we include resummation at the NNLL level. This is restricted to the dominating contributions resulting from the top Yukawa coupling y t , respectively α t = y 2 t /4π , and the strong gauge coupling g 3 , respectively α s = g 2 3 /4π . NNLL resummation requires two-loop threshold corrections. Therefore, we extend Eq. (3) by the corresponding two-loop contributions, These terms have already been calculated based on the work of [20]. The O(α s α t ) corrections are given in [28,30]; the pure top Yukawa correction O(α 2 t ) are listed in [30] and in a slightly different form in [31]. We take use of the expressions given in [31].
Also the matching conditions for the SM gauge and Yukawa couplings at M t have to be extended to include the O(α 2 s , α s α t , α 2 t ) corrections. These are taken from [37]. The matching condition for the top Yukawa coupling involves the MS top-quark mass which for NNLL resummation is obtained from the pole mass by means of the standard QCD and top Yukawa corrections at the two-loop level [37].
Furthermore, three-loop RGEs are needed for the coupling constant evolution. Since only NNL logarithms of O(α s , α t ) are resummed in this step, we neglect the electroweak gauge couplings at the three-loop level of the needed RGEs. All couplings of electroweakinos, being present below M S for M χ < M S , are proportional to the electroweak gauge couplings when their matching conditions at M S are plugged in. In consequence, their presence has no influence on the form of the three-loop RGEs at this level of approximation. Hence for all considered hierarchies at all scales below M S , the needed three-loop RGEs are just the corresponding SM RGEs, which are well known [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The same argument implies that the two-loop matching conditions of λ do not have to be modified for M χ lower than M S .
For NNLL resummation, we have to restrict ourselves to the case of Mg equal to M S in the resummation procedure, since three-loop RGEs for the SM with added gluino are not known. Nevertheless, the numerical effect of a gluino threshold is so small that it can be safely neglected, as will be seen in the numerical results.

Combining fixed-order and EFT calculations
The final prediction for the physical Higgs mass is obtained by adding the fixed-order result achieved by a Feynmandiagrammatic calculation and the result obtained from the effective field theory method with appropriate subtractions in order to avoid double-counting of terms already contained in the fixed-order expressions (see also [32]), where X t is the mixing parameter in the stop squared-mass matrix. The first subtraction term ( M 2 h ) 1L ,2Llogs ensures that the one-and two-loop logarithms in the OS scheme, already contained in the Feynman-diagrammatic result, are not counted twice. We extracted these logarithms in the EFT framework by solving the system of RGEs iteratively and converting to the OS scheme afterwards. As a cross-check, we also identified the one-loop logarithms within the Feynmandiagrammatic result finding agreement (see Appendix B for explicit expressions). It should be noted that FeynHiggs also allows one to choose a MS top-quark mass [8]. If this option is switched on, we have to subtract the one-and twoloop logarithms as contained in the Feynman-diagrammatic result, i.e. as obtained with a MS top-quark mass.
The second subtraction term ( M 2 h ) EFT, non-log is introduced to cancel all non-logarithmic terms contained in the EFT result. They originate from the matching conditions of the Higgs self-coupling and have to be subtracted when only higher-order logarithmic contributions are added to the Feynman-diagrammatic result.
A particular issue to be taken care of when combining the diagrammatic result with the EFT calculation, is the choice of the renormalization scheme. The EFT calculation uses minimal subtraction schemes (DR for scales above M S , MS for scales below M S ) for renormalization. In contrast, in the diagrammatic calculation a mixed OS/DR scheme is employed (see [36] for a detailed description). Consequently, the input parameters of the EFT calculation are MS/DR parameters, whereas they are OS parameters in the diagrammatic calculation [38], as indicated in Eq. (7). The logarithmic subtrac-tion term takes OS parameters as input, because we want to avoid double-counting of the one-and two-loop logarithms in the OS scheme. Also the non-logarithmic subtraction term takes OS parameters as input, although the non-logarithmic terms contained in the EFT result are parametrized with DR parameters. This is owing to the fact that non-logarithmic terms in the DR scheme lead to logarithmic terms in the OS scheme; consequently, the OS two-loop logarithms of the Feynman-diagrammatic result would not be reproduced when DR parameters were used as input.
We choose to work with OS parameters as principal input. This means that OS input parameters are converted to DR parameters when used as input for the EFT calculation. We restrict ourselves to a one-loop conversion involving only terms proportional to large logarithms. This conversion is sufficient to reproduce all large logarithms already contained in the diagrammatic two-loop result of FeynHiggs. In contrast, non-logarithmic terms and higher loop-order terms would lead to terms in the EFT result which correspond to unknown higher-order corrections in an OS renormalized diagrammatic result. We, however, intend to add the resummed logarithms as obtained in the MS/DR scheme to the diagrammatic result. In consequence, all terms beyond one-loop logarithms have to be omitted.
The main input parameters of the EFT calculation are the stop mass scale M S and the stop-mixing parameter X t . The conversion of M S does not involve any large logarithms [20,32]; hence, M S is not converted. The conversion of X t at O(α s , α t ) is given by 1 The only other input parameters in our EFT calculation are the intermediate electroweakino mass scale M χ and the gluino mass Mg. Since the diagrammatic FeynHiggs result so far contains two-loop corrections only in the gaugeless limit, a conversion of M χ , which would contain only terms proportional to the electroweak gauge couplings, is not needed. Since the gluino mass appears first at the two-loop level, also a conversion of Mg is not necessary.
A further issue to be discussed is the treatment of tan β. In the EFT approach, tan β appears only in the matching condition of λ at the SUSY scale M S . This means that the DR-renormalized tan β(M S ) is required as an input of the EFT calculation. In the Feynman-diagrammatic calculation, tan β is also a DR-renormalized quantity. In FeynHiggs, the corresponding renormalization scale, however, is chosen to be M t and not M S [36]. In consequence, we need to relate tan β(M t ), which is used as input of the overall calculation, to tan β(M S ). This presents a problem, since there is no proper way to define tan β in the EFT below M S , where the non SM-like Higgs bosons are integrated out. This problem has already been noted in [24]. We find that without a running of tan β the EFT calculation does not reproduce the oneloop result of the Feynman-diagrammatic calculation (see Appendix B for explicit expressions). This strongly motivates to evolve tan β between M t and M S despite the lack of a rigorous definition. In practice, we regard tan β as a highenergy parameter with an evolution according to the one-loop RGE of the MSSM [24], which is determined by the anomalous dimensions of the Higgs fields, with contributions only from the top-quark loops. The parameter h t denotes the MSSM top Yukawa coupling, which at lowest order is related to the SM top Yukawa coupling y t by Rewriting the RGE in terms of y t yields Since only SM entries contribute to the running [24], the RGE has not to be modified for scales below M S , even if passing an intermediate threshold. This method reproduces correctly the one-loop result of the diagrammatic calculation, as given in Appendix B. In principle, for a NLL resummation also the two-loop RGE should be employed, which for the MSSM can be found in [46,47]. It is, however, unclear which contributions of the two-loop RGE are due to SM particles and which are due to their supersymmetric partners. From a practical point of view, numerical checks suggest that the two-loop running is negligible. Therefore, only the one-loop RGE is used in this work.

Implementation in FeynHiggs
As explained in [32], the shift M 2 h is implemented in FeynHiggs by adding it with a factor 1/ sin 2 β to the φ 2 φ 2 self-energy (φ 2 is the C P-even neutral component of the second Higgs doublet). In this way, the result of the resummation procedure enters also the calculation of other observables that are available from FeynHiggs.
For loglevel greater than one, electroweak NLO corrections to the MS top-quark mass are switched on automatically. So far, all matching conditions are only implemented for degenerate soft-breaking masses, meaning that all softbreaking masses are set equal to their corresponding threshold scale. The diagrammatic part of the calculation, however, captures the effects of non-degeneracy in an exact way at the one-and two-loop level. The matching condition will be extended to the non-degenerate case in a future update to FeynHiggs.

Numerical analysis
To analyze the numerical impact of the improved resummations, we first compare the results of the previous FeynHiggs version 2.11.3 with the new version 2.12.0. As an example case, we look at a scenario where all soft-breaking masses as well as the Higgsino mass parameter are chosen to be equal to M S , together with t β ≡ tan β = 10. The results of FeynHiggs2.11.3 are obtained with switched on O(α s , α t ) LL and NLL resummation. Also the two-loop QCD correction to the MS top-quark mass are enabled, although no NNLL resummation is performed. This is done because of the large numerical impact of this two-loop correction on the Higgs mass calculation (see the discussion at the end of this section). For the results of FeynHiggs2.12.0, all improvements discussed above are activated (loglevel=3).
The comparison is displayed in Fig. 1, where the upper panel shows M h as a function of M S for unmixed squarks with X t /M S = 0 and for the mixed case with X t /M S = 2. For vanishing stop mixing, we observe a small downwards shift of 0.8 GeV over the whole M S range, and a bit more for X t /M S = 2, of 1.7 GeV. The lower panel in Fig. 1 shows M h as a function of X t /M S for M S = 1 TeV and M S = 5 TeV. We observe a smaller shift for negative values of X t ; e.g. for M S = 1 TeV the difference between FeynHiggs2.11.3 and FeynHiggs2.12.0 is ∼0.6 GeV for X t /M S = −2, whereas it amounts to ∼1.6 GeV for X t /M S = 2.
To explore the origin of these shifts, we examine first the contribution of the resummation of logarithms propor-  The lower panel of Fig. 2 shows M h as a function of M S for X t /M S = 0 and X t /M S = 2. The results with a resummation of logarithms proportional to the electroweak gauge couplings at the LL and NLL level (loglevel=2) and with a resummation of logarithms proportional to the electroweak gauge couplings at the LL level and vanishing electroweak gauge couplings at the NLL level are compared. We observe that the effect of a NLL resummation of electroweak logarithms is 0.5 GeV over the whole M S range for both vanishing and nearly maximal mixing. This shows the minor importance of the electroweak NLL resummation in comparison to electroweak LL resummation, which leads to shifts of up to 2.5 GeV for M S ∼20 TeV.
The effect of the electroweakino threshold is investigated in the upper panel of Fig. 3, which displays M h as a function of M S for X t /M S = 0 and X t /M S = 2. In contrast to the previous figures, the electroweakino mass scale M χ is not chosen to be equal to M S , but is fixed to 1 TeV. To disentangle the effect of the electroweakino threshold in the EFT The effect of a separate gluino threshold is found to be negligible. For M S between 1 TeV and 20 TeV, its inclusion shifts M h downwards by at most 0.2 GeV for |X t /M S | ≤ 2. The diagrammatic two-loop corrections capture almost the entire effect of varying Mg, which can be sizable (∼2 GeV) for maximal mixing. This justifies to set Mg = M S in the resummation procedure in the case of NNLL resummation, as explained in Sect. 2.
In the lower panel of Fig. 3, the difference between the results without (loglevel=2) and with (loglevel=3) NNLL resummation as a function of X t /M S is shown for M S = 1 TeV, M S = 2 TeV and M S = 5 TeV. Between X t /M S ∼ −1 and X t /M S ∼ 1.5, we observe only small shifts ( 0.3 GeV). For X t /M S ∼ −2, M h is shifted upwards by the inclusion of NNLL resummation by up to 1 GeV, whereas M h is shifted downwards by up to 0.5 GeV for X t /M S = 2. This behavior is mainly caused by the O(α s α t ) matching condition of λ, which exhibits a similar dependence on X t /M S . The large positive shift for negative X t compensates the downwards shift originating from the electroweak NLO correction to the MS top-quark mass. This downwards shift is, however, enhanced by the negative shift for positive X t . This is the reason for the asymmetric behavior observed in the lower panel of Fig. 1.
Note that the comparison made in the bottom panel of Fig. 3 does not exhibit the effect of the two-loop corrections to the MS top mass, since also for the curve without NNLL resummation the two-loop QCD corrections in the MS-mass-pole-mass relation are employed. We have kept them because they constitute the by far dominant part of the two-loop corrections to the MS top mass, shifting the MS top mass down by 1.9 GeV. This downwards shift causes a downwards shift in M h of about the same size, as discussed before in the context of the electroweak NLO corrections to the MS top mass. Two-loop corrections to the MS top mass are formally not needed in the case of LL and NLL resummation. This means actually that the main effect of going from NLL to NNLL resummation is caused by the higherorder matching condition of the MS top mass, as in the case of including electroweak corrections into the resummation procedure.

Conclusions
We have presented and discussed the inclusion of electroweak contributions, electroweakino and gluino thresholds, and NNLL resummation in the EFT resummation of logarithmically enhanced terms in the calculation of the lightest Higgs-boson mass M h , on top of the fixed-order oneand two-loop computation as currently available in the code FeynHiggs. Special attention is payed to a consistent combination of fixed-order diagrammatic and EFT methods taking care of scheme conversion and proper subtractions to avoid double counting. These improvements have become part of FeynHiggs. They shift the prediction for M h , especially pronounced for positive values of the stop-mixing parameter X t with downwards shifts in M h of about 1.7 GeV.
We found that this is mainly caused by the electroweak NLO corrections to the MS top-quark mass. The genuine effect of resumming electroweak contributions shifts the Higgs mass upwards compensating the downwards shift induced by the smaller MS top-quark mass. This effect becomes only relevant for SUSY scales larger than a few TeV. Furthermore, electroweak NLL contributions are found to be much smaller than electroweak LL contributions.
We also investigated the effect of various intermediate thresholds. In our framework, an electroweakino threshold yields significant contributions only for SUSY scales above 5 TeV. We found that a gluino threshold is completely negligible, since the main contributions sensitive to the gluino mass are already captured by the two-loop Feynman-diagrammatic result.
Furthermore, we found NNLL resummation of O(α s , α t ) to shift the lightest Higgs mass downwards for positive stop mixing, whereas it leads to a larger upwards shift for negative values of X t .
We aim to compare the results thoroughly to other publicly available codes [31,49] in an upcoming publication. We also plan to extend the resummation procedure to scenarios with light non-SM Higgs bosons [29,50].